APPENDIX – SOUNDS OF AMERICAN ENGLISH
Exercise 1
1. coal /kol/ 9. minnow /m.no/
2. ditch /d.cè/ 10. fish /f.sè/
3. width /w.t / 11. yolk /yok/
4. grope /grop/ 12. host /host/
5. joke /jèok/ 13. both /bo /
6. win /w.n/ 14. thick / .k/
7. wing /w../ 15. vote /vot/
8. wink /w..k/ 16. loathing /lo¶../
Exercise 2
1. pin /p.n/ 9. creep /krip/
2. lamp /l¾mp/ 10. rustle /r.s.l/
3. wrote /rot/ 11. cough /k.f/ or /kaf/
4. rot /rat/ 12. steeper /stip.r/
5. steps /stps/ 13. could /kUd/
6. look /lUk/ 14. fasten /f¾s.n/
7. Luke /luk/ 15. preach /pricè/
8. mate /met/
Exercise 3
1. talk /t.k/ or /tak/ 6. pencil /pns.l/
2. pouch /paucè/ 7. pine /pain/
3. relax /r.l¾ks/ 8. crowding /kraud../
4. coy /koi/ 9. lightning /laitn../
5. rider /raid.r/ 10. foil /foil/
Exercise 4
1. leash, liege /sè/-/jè/ or /zè/ 9. put, putt /U/-/./
2. ridge, rich /jè/-/cè/ 10. sinner, sinker /n/-/./
3. mush, much /sè/-/cè/ 11. lesser, lecher /s/-/cè/
4. sought, sot /./-/a/ 12. ringer, linger /./-/.g/
5. ought, out /./-/au/ 13. pressure, pleasure /sè/-/zè/
6. full, fool /U/-/u/ 14. rouge, rough /zè/ or /jè/-/f/
7. shine, sheen /ai/-/i/ 15. batches, badges /cè/-/jè/
8. lathe, path /¶/-/ /
EX–78 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
Exercise 5
1. cute /kyut/ 11. rotate /rotet/
2. funnel /f.n.l/ 12. goodness /gUdn.s/
3. prevent /pr.vnt/ 13. bundle /b.nd.l/
4. piano /p.y¾no/ 14. thigh / ai/
5. fireman /fairm.n/ 15. leisure /lizè.r/
6. gender /jènd.r/ 16. outrage /autrejè/
7. ashes /¾sè.z/ 17. joyous /jèoi.s/
8. glazed /glezd/ 18. thy /¶ai/
9. challenge /cè¾l.njè/ 19. cot /kat/
10. taxes /t¾ks.z/ 20. caught /k.t/ or /kat/
Exercise 6
Note: the following alternatives are the most likely way or ways in which you could probably pronounce
the words in the exercise; however, other pronunciations are possible.
1. wash /w.sè/ or /wasè/ or /w.rsè/
2. salmon /s¾m.n/
3. forehead /forhd/, /farhd/, /for.d/, /far.d/
4. orange /or.njè/, /ar.njè/, /ornjè/, /arnjè/
5. length /l. /, /l.k /, /ln /
6. almond /alm.nd/, /am.nd/, /¾m.nd/
7. falcon /f¾lk.n/, /falk.n/, /f.lk.n/, /f.k.n/
8. arctic /arkt.k/, /art.k/
9. data /det./, /d¾t./, /dat./
10. route /rut/, /raut/
11. root /rut/, /rUt/
12. economic /k.nam.k/, /ik.nam.k/
13. interesting /.nt.rst../, /.ntr.st../
14. humor /hyum.r/, /yum.r/
15. tomato /t.meto/, /t.mato/, /t.met./
16. creek /krik/, /kr.k/
17. rodeo /rodio/, /rodeo/
18. Missouri /m.zuri/, /m.z.ri/, /m.zur./
19. newspaper /nuzpep.r/, /nuspep.r/, /nyuzpep.r/
20. often /.f.n/, /.ft.n/, /af.n/, /aft.n/
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–79
Exercise 7
1. bat /s/ 5. glass /.z/
2. hog /z/ 6. book /s/
3. witch /.z/ 7. road /z/
4. tub /z/ 8. show /z/
9. pot /s/ 11. maze /.z/
10. booth /s/ or /z/ 12. top /s/
Exercise 8
1. /r.dus/ reduce /r.d.ksè.n/ reduction
2. /¶e bUk/ the book /¶i ¾p.l/ the apple
3. /pr.skraib/ prescribe /pr.skr.psè.n/ prescription
4. /k.ntr¾st/ contrast (verb) /kantr¾st/ contrast (noun)
5. /b¾ / bath /be¶/ bathe
Review Exercise
1. /slaucè/ slouch
2. /p..k/ pink
3. /pul/ pool
4. /waiz/ wise
5. /ksplen/ explain
6. /bicè.z/ beaches
7. / .mb.lz/ thimbles
8. /sèek../ shaking
9. /s.raund.d/ surrounded
10. /p.cèt/ pitched
11. /n.t.k.l/ nautical
12. /f.nt.ks/ phonetics
13. /kspl.nesè.n/ explanation
14. /ka.gr.s/ congress
15. /saikal.jèi/ psychology
16. /noiz.z/ noises
17. /skwikt/ squeaked
18. /s.sid/ secede
19. /faundesè.n/ foundation
20. /tr.fai../ terrifying
Exercise 1
1. coal /kol/ 9. minnow /m.no/
2. ditch /d.cè/ 10. fish /f.sè/
3. width /w.t / 11. yolk /yok/
4. grope /grop/ 12. host /host/
5. joke /jèok/ 13. both /bo /
6. win /w.n/ 14. thick / .k/
7. wing /w../ 15. vote /vot/
8. wink /w..k/ 16. loathing /lo¶../
Exercise 2
1. pin /p.n/ 9. creep /krip/
2. lamp /l¾mp/ 10. rustle /r.s.l/
3. wrote /rot/ 11. cough /k.f/ or /kaf/
4. rot /rat/ 12. steeper /stip.r/
5. steps /stps/ 13. could /kUd/
6. look /lUk/ 14. fasten /f¾s.n/
7. Luke /luk/ 15. preach /pricè/
8. mate /met/
Exercise 3
1. talk /t.k/ or /tak/ 6. pencil /pns.l/
2. pouch /paucè/ 7. pine /pain/
3. relax /r.l¾ks/ 8. crowding /kraud../
4. coy /koi/ 9. lightning /laitn../
5. rider /raid.r/ 10. foil /foil/
Exercise 4
1. leash, liege /sè/-/jè/ or /zè/ 9. put, putt /U/-/./
2. ridge, rich /jè/-/cè/ 10. sinner, sinker /n/-/./
3. mush, much /sè/-/cè/ 11. lesser, lecher /s/-/cè/
4. sought, sot /./-/a/ 12. ringer, linger /./-/.g/
5. ought, out /./-/au/ 13. pressure, pleasure /sè/-/zè/
6. full, fool /U/-/u/ 14. rouge, rough /zè/ or /jè/-/f/
7. shine, sheen /ai/-/i/ 15. batches, badges /cè/-/jè/
8. lathe, path /¶/-/ /
EX–78 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
Exercise 5
1. cute /kyut/ 11. rotate /rotet/
2. funnel /f.n.l/ 12. goodness /gUdn.s/
3. prevent /pr.vnt/ 13. bundle /b.nd.l/
4. piano /p.y¾no/ 14. thigh / ai/
5. fireman /fairm.n/ 15. leisure /lizè.r/
6. gender /jènd.r/ 16. outrage /autrejè/
7. ashes /¾sè.z/ 17. joyous /jèoi.s/
8. glazed /glezd/ 18. thy /¶ai/
9. challenge /cè¾l.njè/ 19. cot /kat/
10. taxes /t¾ks.z/ 20. caught /k.t/ or /kat/
Exercise 6
Note: the following alternatives are the most likely way or ways in which you could probably pronounce
the words in the exercise; however, other pronunciations are possible.
1. wash /w.sè/ or /wasè/ or /w.rsè/
2. salmon /s¾m.n/
3. forehead /forhd/, /farhd/, /for.d/, /far.d/
4. orange /or.njè/, /ar.njè/, /ornjè/, /arnjè/
5. length /l. /, /l.k /, /ln /
6. almond /alm.nd/, /am.nd/, /¾m.nd/
7. falcon /f¾lk.n/, /falk.n/, /f.lk.n/, /f.k.n/
8. arctic /arkt.k/, /art.k/
9. data /det./, /d¾t./, /dat./
10. route /rut/, /raut/
11. root /rut/, /rUt/
12. economic /k.nam.k/, /ik.nam.k/
13. interesting /.nt.rst../, /.ntr.st../
14. humor /hyum.r/, /yum.r/
15. tomato /t.meto/, /t.mato/, /t.met./
16. creek /krik/, /kr.k/
17. rodeo /rodio/, /rodeo/
18. Missouri /m.zuri/, /m.z.ri/, /m.zur./
19. newspaper /nuzpep.r/, /nuspep.r/, /nyuzpep.r/
20. often /.f.n/, /.ft.n/, /af.n/, /aft.n/
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–79
Exercise 7
1. bat /s/ 5. glass /.z/
2. hog /z/ 6. book /s/
3. witch /.z/ 7. road /z/
4. tub /z/ 8. show /z/
9. pot /s/ 11. maze /.z/
10. booth /s/ or /z/ 12. top /s/
Exercise 8
1. /r.dus/ reduce /r.d.ksè.n/ reduction
2. /¶e bUk/ the book /¶i ¾p.l/ the apple
3. /pr.skraib/ prescribe /pr.skr.psè.n/ prescription
4. /k.ntr¾st/ contrast (verb) /kantr¾st/ contrast (noun)
5. /b¾ / bath /be¶/ bathe
Review Exercise
1. /slaucè/ slouch
2. /p..k/ pink
3. /pul/ pool
4. /waiz/ wise
5. /ksplen/ explain
6. /bicè.z/ beaches
7. / .mb.lz/ thimbles
8. /sèek../ shaking
9. /s.raund.d/ surrounded
10. /p.cèt/ pitched
11. /n.t.k.l/ nautical
12. /f.nt.ks/ phonetics
13. /kspl.nesè.n/ explanation
14. /ka.gr.s/ congress
15. /saikal.jèi/ psychology
16. /noiz.z/ noises
17. /skwikt/ squeaked
18. /s.sid/ secede
19. /faundesè.n/ foundation
20. /tr.fai../ terrifying
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