Fearless Explorer Extraordinary Sportsman
Throughout history, there have always been people who
have attempted what others consider to be impossible.
Whether they are explorers travelling to unknown
parts of the world or universe, athletes breaking records
or individuals seeking adventure, these people have
put their physical and mental strength to the test and
managed to do amazing things.
Jason Lewis, an Englishman, is one such adventurer
and sportsman. He embarked on a ‘man-powered’
journey around the world that lasted 13 years. Jason and
his teammate, Steve Smith, wanted to test both their
physical and mental abilities to the limits, as well as
encourage team cooperation.
The two men set off from the Greenwich Meridian on
12th July 1994, in their attempt to travel around the
world. So, Jason continued and completed the
first solo ‘man-powered’ journey around the world, a
total of 46,505 miles in October 2007.
During the trip, Jason relied on many different forms
of transport. He walked and swam. He also cycled
from Singapore to Mumbai, India and later through
Ethiopia and Sudan, as well as through Turkey and
mainland Europe. He broke both his legs, one
of which became so infected due to blood poisoning
that it was under threat of being cut off below the knee.
Fortunately, doctors managed to save both legs and he
took a nine-month rest period to heal and recover. He
rowed from Mumbai across the Indian Ocean to Sudan
and also across the Pacific Ocean, using a unique ‘manpowered’
wooden pedal boat.
A typical day on board involved many different but
repetitive activities, such as sleeping and waking in
three-hour shifts, fishing, cooking, washing up and
also taking care of personal hygiene. He also
checked weather reports to predict stormy weather,
kept a detailed record of his daily experiences and
made drinking water from sea water using a homemade
device on the boat. When I asked him why it
had been important to keep a record, he replied: ‘I had
agreed with my sponsors to record the voyage using a
camcorder and send reports via satellite to my website.
On a daily basis, time for recreation was limited and
the only form of relaxation was to read and take down
my experiences in a diary.’ When I asked why he had
undertaken such a long, dangerous journey, he replied:
‘Well, at first, what I had in mind was to follow the
footsteps of the early navigators, like Magellan.’
Jason remarked, ‘I had used up eight of my nine
lives. The most important thing to do was to be alert
all the time!’ This turned out to be true especially when
he was approaching the final part of his extraordinary
journey and was crossing a channel in a canoe. He
suddenly realised that a three-metre crocodile was
going after him. He managed to escape just in time
by jumping out of the canoe and when he reached the
shore, he hit the crocodile with a paddle. However, it
snapped its jaws shut on the paddle and wouldn’t let go.
Another difficulty which he faced was in the
middle of the Pacific Ocean, somewhere near Hawaii.
Jason said, ‘For three weeks I would sleep and wake up
to find myself at the same point as before! However,
I kept telling myself to think positively and not to get
discouraged.’
When I asked him if
he would go on such a
difficult expedition again,
Jason replied: ‘I think I
would. I have
gained tremendous
physical and inner
strength. It’s those
moments when you face
losing everything that
you learn the most about
yourself.’
67
vocabulary & grammar
VOCABULARY
NOTE
Many nouns are formed by adding a suffix
such as -ness, -ure, -dom and -hood to a verb,
adjective or another noun (e.g. fit - fitness, create
- creature, free - freedom and child - childhood).
2. WORDS EASILY CONFUSED
B. Read the sentences 1-7 and match the expressions
in bold with their meanings a-g.
1. For the time being, Peter is working at a
bookshop.
2. Hussein finished the work in no time.
3. It’s better to make the cake 12 hours ahead of
time and keep it in the fridge.
4. I’ve told you time after time; don’t interrupt me
when I’m talking!
5. Flight 637 from Los Angeles will arrive on time.
6. His taste in clothes is really behind the times.
7. We go on weekend trips from time to time; just
to get away from the city.
A. Look at the following extract from the article on
page 67. What does the expression in bold mean?
He managed to escape just in time by jumping out of the
canoe...
a. occasionally
b. at the correct time
c. old-fashioned
d. very quickly
e. in advance
f. just for now
g. repeatedly
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the
words in the boxes.
1. EXPRESSIONS WITH THE WORD ‘TIME’
1. Hasan pays a lot of attention to his
appearance.
2. The Maths problem was quite difficult, and I had to
make a big effort to solve it.
3. Baya’n has given a lot of love and
support to her ill grandmother.
4. Steve didn’t want to his
colleagues with the flu so he stayed at home.
5. The residents are concerned that the toxic waste from
the new factory has the river.
6. According to legend, the king was
by his enemies.
pollute poison infect
7. Michael was told his wound would take six weeks
to .
8. Jane believes she can her
headaches by drinking herbal tea.
9. It took my mother several months to
from her hip operation.
10. David needs to some extra
money so he has two jobs.
11. The charity managed to £10,000
for children in need.
12. I have a lot of weight recently, so
I decided to see a dietician.
emotional physical mental
3. NOUNS ENDING IN -NESS, -URE, -DOM
AND -HOOD
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the
words in capitals.
cure heal recover
gain earn raise
1. Ahmed thought that by travelling
around the world he could escape
the of his
everyday life.
2. Elliot often suffered from childhood
.
3. Their attempt to cross the Atlantic
in a hot air balloon was a
.
4. Rose has a
for chocolate.
5. A suspicious-looking man was seen
in the on
the night of the burglary.
6. There are numerous
which can
be gained from visiting a new place.
BORE
ILL
FAIL
WEAK
NEIGHBOUR
PLEASE
68
GRAMMAR
B. Look at the following extract from
the article on page 67 and complete
the thought bubble.
1. REPORTED QUESTIONS
Read the extracts from the article on
page 67 and answer the questions that
follow.
3. PRACTICE
Read the text below and circle the correct words.
Last week, Eric realised he was bored of reading books every evening and
feeling tired all the time so he asked his friend Arthur what (1) could he
do / he could do to keep fit. Arthur is a fitness instructor and a dietician.
He advised Eric (2) do / to do something more active in his spare time
such as going to a gym. Eric said that he didn’t like going to the gym
and he wondered (3) if there was / if there is something more interesting
that he could do. Arthur suggested a martial arts class. Eric agreed that
(4) this is / that was a great idea and decided to join a martial arts class.
Arthur told him (5) not to overdo / not overdoing it in the beginning
as this could lead to injuries. Arthur also said that Eric (6) should try /
should have tried doing something for relaxation. Eric also wanted to
know how (7) could he / he could improve his diet. Arthur told him that
he (8) had / has had to eat more fresh fruit and vegetables. However, Eric
complained that he (9) disliked / had disliked eating vegetables and asked
(10) if Arthur knew / Arthur to know any health food restaurants that had
tasty vegetable dishes. Arthur suggested a restaurant that he often went
to. Eric thanked his friend for all his good advice and asked him whether
(11) would he like / he would like to go to the restaurant for a nice healthy
meal. Arthur agreed and said he (12) would bring / had brought his
cousin with him.
...I asked him why it had been important to
keep a record...
...When I asked him if he would go on such
a difficult expedition again...
• What questions did the reporter actually
ask Jason?
• Which words do the reported questions
begin with?
• Are the verbs in the reported questions in
the affirmative or in the question form?
2. REPORTED COMMANDS AND
REQUESTS
ENGLISH IN USE
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. ‘I didn’t go to the gym yesterday,’ said Bander. gone
Bander said that to the
gym the previous day.
2. ‘Do you prefer basketball to tennis?’ said Saif. me
Saif asked basketball to
tennis.
3. ‘How often do you work out?’ Ted said to Robert. asked
Ted worked out.
4. ‘You shouldn’t eat junk food and you should try to get more exercise,’
the doctor told me. not
The doctor advised me
and to try to get more exercise.
5. ‘Will this diet really help me to lose weight?’ Shaikha asked herself.
whether
Shaikha wondered help
her to lose weight.
6. ‘Have you tried sushi before?’ Jason asked me. I
Jason wanted tried sushi
before.
7. ‘Did Mark go to the new restaurant with you last night?’ Carl asked me.
had
Carl asked me to the
new restaurant with me the previous night.
8. ‘My brother can’t ski very well but he loves to ice-skate,’ Eric told me.
his
Eric told me that very
well but that he loved to ice-skate.
A. Read the dialogues below and
answer the questions that follow.
Trainer: Stretch your arms, please.
Nasir: What did he say?
Jim: He asked us to stretch our arms.
Trainer: Don’t be lazy, Omer.
Nasir: What did he say to Omer?
Jim: He told him not to be lazy.
• Which verb is used to report a command?
• Which verb is used to report a request?
• What does the imperative (e.g. Stretch)
change to in Reported Speech?
• What about the negative imperative
(e.g. Don’t be)?
I kept telling myself to think positively and
not to get discouraged.
positively!
discouraged!
NOTE
We commonly introduce
reported questions with ask,
wonder and want to know.
Grammar Reference p. 138.
69
listening & speaking
LISTENING SPEAKING
1. PRE-LISTENING
Discuss.
1. a. vegetarian chefs from abroad
b. animal rights groups
c. vegetarian clothing designers
2. a. He wanted to eat more healthily.
b. His doctor told him to.
c. To lose weight.
3. a. To buy clothes.
b. To learn about new recipes.
c. To meet other vegetarians.
4. a. He is a vegetarian chef.
b. He wants to learn more about eating right.
c. He offers nutritional advice.
5. a. fruit
b. meat
c. beans
6. a. soy beans
b. lentils
c. eggs and cheese
7. a. eat more vegetables
b. take a multivitamin
c. eat one egg a day
8. a. five years ago
b. three years ago
c. two years ago
9. a. one
b. two
c. three
10. a. tofu
b. spices
c. soy
• What are some of your favourite kinds of
food? How healthy are they?
• What is your opinion on vegetarianism?
2. LISTENING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION
You are going to hear a radio programme
about a vegetarian festival. You will hear
the programme in several parts. After each
part you will hear some questions. For each
question choose the correct answer.
Talk in pairs. You and your friend want to sign up for at
least two activities over the summer to keep in shape.
Look at the pictures below and discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of each one. After you and your
partner have discussed the different activities, choose
two options that seem most suitable for you.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of each activity?
• Which two activities seem most suitable for you?
70
VOCABULARY
Look at the groups of words below. How many other words
can you add to each group?
WORDS RELATED TO FOOD
GRAMMAR
CLAUSES OF RESULT
A. Read the extract from the programme that you
heard in the listening section and answer the
questions that follow.
B. Now, read the sentence below and answer the
questions that follow.
Over the years, Veggie House was so successful that I
opened up two more restaurants...
• Who or what was successful?
• What was the result of this?
Over the years, Veggie House was such a successful
restaurant that I opened up two more restaurants...
• Does the sentence above mean the same as the
sentence in A?
• What is the difference between so and such?
C. Read the rules below and rewrite the sentences
1-6 using so or such.
To express result we use:
• so + adjective or adverb + (that)
• such + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun + (that)
1. The soup was very tasty, and I decided to have some
more.
2. Robert drives very carelessly and he may have an
accident.
3. This exercise is too difficult for me to do.
4. Nasir has lots of money and he can lend you some.
5. Bob’s book was a success and it was on the bestseller
list for a long time.
6. I can’t help you carry the box because I feel very weak.
NOTE
so + much/many
such + a lot of
rich in
carbohydrates rich in protein seafood fruit vegetables
asparagus cabbage cauliflower broccoli
plums apricots dates kiwis
mussels lobster crab shrimp
pasta crisps rice cereal
beans lentils chickpeas nuts
Grammar Reference p. 138.
71
A. Read the rubric and answer the questions below.
WRITING A REPORT
1. DISCUSS
• Have you ever been to a fitness centre? If yes, what did you like/dislike about it?
If not, would you like to be a member of one? Why/Why not?
• What features should a good fitness centre have?
1. Why are you writing the report?
2. Who are you writing it for?
3. What style should it be written in?
4. Which of the following should you include in your report?
a) information about the location of the hotel
b) information about the fitness centre staff
c) information about the premises of the fitness centre
d) suggestions made by members of the fitness centre
e) information about other facilities the hotel offers
2. FOCUS ON STYLE, CONTENT AND ORGANISATION
The manager of the hotel you work for has asked you to write a report
on the hotel’s fitness centre and suggest in what ways it can be improved.
B. Now read the report below. What information from question 4 above has been included in the report?
C. Read the report again and choose the appropriate heading for each paragraph.
To: Jeff Branson, Manager of the Palace Hotel
From: Clive Thomas
Subject: The hotel’s fitness centre
popular with hotel guests as well as residents of the city
who are members. This report focuses on some features
of the fitness centre that need to be improved in order to
make it even more attractive.
activities people ask for. The area with the strength training equipment is very cramped. It seems that it is necessary for
the fitness centre to expand.
be more personnel available to give advice and supervise activities. As a matter of fact, several fitness classes have been
cancelled because of the lack of an instructor.
an extra attraction, so the possibility of providing one should be looked into.
than it already is.
Since the hotel’s fitness centre o opened, it has been very
1
To begin with, even though the gym has a whole floor, the space available is too small to accommodate the variety of
2
The instructors and personal trainers are well qualified and always willing to offer their services. However, there should
3
A number of members have commented that they would like a juice bar in the fitness centre. This would definitely be
4
To sum up, I believe that if the above recommendations are carried out, the fitness centre will be even more successful
5
Staff Conclusion Introduction Other services
Size
72
3. OUTLINE
When writing a report:
keep in mind who you are writing the report for and
why so that you write in an appropriate style, formal if
you are writing it for a superior or semi-formal if you are
writing for a peer group.
give your report a title or use the following layout:
To:
From:
Subject:
Select three or four of your ideas and organise them
into separate paragraphs for every major point.
Use headings to indicate what topic each paragraph
focuses on.
When writing a report, follow the outline below.
INTRODUCTION
• State what the repor t is about.
MAIN PART (2-3 PARAGRAPHS)
• Give information and expand on the points
you want to make.
• Make recommendations/suggestions.
CONCLUSION
• State your overall impression/opinion.
For set phrases you can use, see Appendix I.
B. Write your report (120-180 words).
4. WRITING TASK
A. Read the rubric and answer the questions below.
1. Think about the sports facilities in your school. What
two or three features do you want to focus on?
2. What heading would you use for each of the features
you have chosen?
3. What specific suggestions do you have to make about
each of these features?
Your PE instructor has asked you to write a report about the
sports facilities in your school/college and suggest ways in
which they could be improved.
D. The information in a report is usually presented in an impersonal, formal way. One way of doing this is by
using the Passive Voice. Rewrite the report below in the Passive Voice to make it more formal and suggest an
appropriate heading for each paragraph.
To: The Town Council
From: John Budd
Subject: Suggestions about how to make Prospect Park safer
and more attractive
This is a report on what we must do to make Prospect Park
safer and more attractive.
First of all, we cannot allow cars in the park. People should park
their cars in the parking areas.
In addition, we have to collect all the rubbish. The town council should also place more rubbish bins in the busy areas of the
park.
m 1
2
3
Finally, somebody should clean the lake. Somebody needs to paint the park benches around the lake as well.
4
To sum up, if the town council carries out the above recommendations, more people will be able to enjoy Prospect Park.
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately
completes the sentence.
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. The employees at this hotel will your every
need and desire.
a. promote
b. cater for
c. offer
d. provide
2. The from my window is absolutely
breathtaking!
a. sight
b. view
c. image
d. scene
3. I in bed for over three hours, trying to get to
sleep.
a. lay
b. lain
c. laid
d. lied
4. It was already dark by the time we for my
brother’s house.
a. set off
b. took down
c. turned out
d. went after
5. Unfortunately, money is many politicians’ only
.
a. recreation
b. motivation
c. determination
d. courage
6. It took months for the soldiers’ wounds to .
a. cure
b. increase
c. heal
d. recover
7. Gas prices have , and many people are unhappy
about it.
a. gained
b. decreased
c. grown
d. risen
8. I have asked you to turn the lights off and lock
the door when you leave the house but you never do.
a. occasionally
b. very quickly
c. just for now
d. repeatedly
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a
grammatically correct sentence.
1. Our teacher that we wouldn’t have class
tomorrow.
a. told us
b. asked us
c. said us
d. told
2. The teacher told the students late for class.
a. to not be
b. not to be
c. to be not
d. be not
3. I to be home early tonight.
a. told
b. advised
c. suggested
d. promised
4. The doctor said get better soon.
a. that I was going
b. to me that I will
c. that I would
d. me that I would
5. When Jeff asked me I had any money, I told
him that I didn’t.
a. whether
b. why
c. had
d. would
6. There was food in her mouth that she couldn’t
speak.
a. so much
b. such
c. so a lot
d. such a lot
7. It was bad weather that we decided to stay in.
a. such a
b. so
c. so a
d. such
8. My employer asked overtime on Monday.
a. me to work
b. to me to work
c. to work me
d. me working
74
I had stopped going to the gym out of
(1) . I couldn’t stand
doing the same exercises day after day.
Besides, the gym was nowhere near my
(2) and having to
take a crowded bus to get there really
put me off going. Then, one day, my cousin
asked me to come along to his kung fu
class. I was worried that it might
involve standing on my head or doing some
other (3)
tasks so I made up an excuse to get out
of it. Fortunately, my cousin didn’t take ‘no’
for an answer and after a lot of nagging
I finally gave in and went along. I was
(4) surprised - it was
fun! The (5) started off
by telling us a little about kung fu. Kung fu
means ‘human achievement’ and has been
practised in China for over 4000 years. It’s
great for keeping fit. It’s no wonder it’s the
latest (6) craze. There
are various styles of kung fu; we did the
type classified as internal which focuses on
breathing and the building of internal
(7) . Although some of
the exercises were challenging, afterwards I
felt (8) calm.
1. ‘I’ve been to Paris before,’ said Abdullah. he
Abdullah to Paris before.
2. ‘Don’t forget to buy some milk on your way home,’ said Philip. reminded
Philip some milk on my way home.
3. ‘Jogging is a great way to keep fit,’ the instructor told us. was
The instructor a great way to keep fit.
4. ‘I don’t want to do this exercise,’ said Steven. refused
Steven exercise.
5. ‘Will I ever pass my driving test?’ Saed asked himself. wondered
Saed pass his driving test.
6. ‘Please remove your shoes before entering the swimming pool area,’ the lifeguard told us. asked
The lifeguard shoes before entering the swimming pool area.
7. Margaret’s homemade muffins were a success and they sold out immediately. such
Margaret’s homemade muffins they sold out immediately.
8. It was such a busy day at work that Mansour forgot to eat lunch. so
Mansour was he forgot to eat lunch.
E. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
C. Read the text and complete the blanks with the
correct form of the words in capitals.
BORE
NEIGHBOUR
POSSIBLE
PLEASANT
INSTRUCT
FIT
STRONG
PERFECT
Kyle Southhall is a personal trainer who helps busy people
organise their (1) schedules. Kyle (2) me
about one of his clients, Fred. ‘Fred has a demanding job
and a family to look after. When he came to me, he had
hardly any time to (3) , let alone to exercise.’
Kyle told Fred to start with a (4) session once
a week as this would help relax his muscles and (5)
his stress levels. ‘We also looked at easy ways to add more
(6) into his day, like walking rather than driving
whenever possible,’ said Kyle. Fred started doing ten
minutes of toning exercises in the mornings in a(n)
(7) to be more energetic. Kyle also recommended
some changes to Fred’s diet like eating healthy snacks
throughout the day and having vegetables with his main
meal in the evenings. Three months later, Fred has lost
the extra weight he had (8) and he looks (9) .
He has changed so (10) that he says he feels like
another person!
D. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b
or c best fits each gap.
1. a. health b. circulation c. fitness
2. a. told b. said c. asked
3. a. lie b. relax c. recover
4. a. massage b. physical c. pool
5. a. increase b. cure c. reduce
6. a. work b. exercise c. sleep
7. a. attempt b. activity c. anxiety
8. a. raised b. gained c. earned
9. a. healthier b. fitter c. physical
10. a. as b. a lot c. much
Throughout history, there have always been people who
have attempted what others consider to be impossible.
Whether they are explorers travelling to unknown
parts of the world or universe, athletes breaking records
or individuals seeking adventure, these people have
put their physical and mental strength to the test and
managed to do amazing things.
Jason Lewis, an Englishman, is one such adventurer
and sportsman. He embarked on a ‘man-powered’
journey around the world that lasted 13 years. Jason and
his teammate, Steve Smith, wanted to test both their
physical and mental abilities to the limits, as well as
encourage team cooperation.
The two men set off from the Greenwich Meridian on
12th July 1994, in their attempt to travel around the
world. So, Jason continued and completed the
first solo ‘man-powered’ journey around the world, a
total of 46,505 miles in October 2007.
During the trip, Jason relied on many different forms
of transport. He walked and swam. He also cycled
from Singapore to Mumbai, India and later through
Ethiopia and Sudan, as well as through Turkey and
mainland Europe. He broke both his legs, one
of which became so infected due to blood poisoning
that it was under threat of being cut off below the knee.
Fortunately, doctors managed to save both legs and he
took a nine-month rest period to heal and recover. He
rowed from Mumbai across the Indian Ocean to Sudan
and also across the Pacific Ocean, using a unique ‘manpowered’
wooden pedal boat.
A typical day on board involved many different but
repetitive activities, such as sleeping and waking in
three-hour shifts, fishing, cooking, washing up and
also taking care of personal hygiene. He also
checked weather reports to predict stormy weather,
kept a detailed record of his daily experiences and
made drinking water from sea water using a homemade
device on the boat. When I asked him why it
had been important to keep a record, he replied: ‘I had
agreed with my sponsors to record the voyage using a
camcorder and send reports via satellite to my website.
On a daily basis, time for recreation was limited and
the only form of relaxation was to read and take down
my experiences in a diary.’ When I asked why he had
undertaken such a long, dangerous journey, he replied:
‘Well, at first, what I had in mind was to follow the
footsteps of the early navigators, like Magellan.’
Jason remarked, ‘I had used up eight of my nine
lives. The most important thing to do was to be alert
all the time!’ This turned out to be true especially when
he was approaching the final part of his extraordinary
journey and was crossing a channel in a canoe. He
suddenly realised that a three-metre crocodile was
going after him. He managed to escape just in time
by jumping out of the canoe and when he reached the
shore, he hit the crocodile with a paddle. However, it
snapped its jaws shut on the paddle and wouldn’t let go.
Another difficulty which he faced was in the
middle of the Pacific Ocean, somewhere near Hawaii.
Jason said, ‘For three weeks I would sleep and wake up
to find myself at the same point as before! However,
I kept telling myself to think positively and not to get
discouraged.’
When I asked him if
he would go on such a
difficult expedition again,
Jason replied: ‘I think I
would. I have
gained tremendous
physical and inner
strength. It’s those
moments when you face
losing everything that
you learn the most about
yourself.’
67
vocabulary & grammar
VOCABULARY
NOTE
Many nouns are formed by adding a suffix
such as -ness, -ure, -dom and -hood to a verb,
adjective or another noun (e.g. fit - fitness, create
- creature, free - freedom and child - childhood).
2. WORDS EASILY CONFUSED
B. Read the sentences 1-7 and match the expressions
in bold with their meanings a-g.
1. For the time being, Peter is working at a
bookshop.
2. Hussein finished the work in no time.
3. It’s better to make the cake 12 hours ahead of
time and keep it in the fridge.
4. I’ve told you time after time; don’t interrupt me
when I’m talking!
5. Flight 637 from Los Angeles will arrive on time.
6. His taste in clothes is really behind the times.
7. We go on weekend trips from time to time; just
to get away from the city.
A. Look at the following extract from the article on
page 67. What does the expression in bold mean?
He managed to escape just in time by jumping out of the
canoe...
a. occasionally
b. at the correct time
c. old-fashioned
d. very quickly
e. in advance
f. just for now
g. repeatedly
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the
words in the boxes.
1. EXPRESSIONS WITH THE WORD ‘TIME’
1. Hasan pays a lot of attention to his
appearance.
2. The Maths problem was quite difficult, and I had to
make a big effort to solve it.
3. Baya’n has given a lot of love and
support to her ill grandmother.
4. Steve didn’t want to his
colleagues with the flu so he stayed at home.
5. The residents are concerned that the toxic waste from
the new factory has the river.
6. According to legend, the king was
by his enemies.
pollute poison infect
7. Michael was told his wound would take six weeks
to .
8. Jane believes she can her
headaches by drinking herbal tea.
9. It took my mother several months to
from her hip operation.
10. David needs to some extra
money so he has two jobs.
11. The charity managed to £10,000
for children in need.
12. I have a lot of weight recently, so
I decided to see a dietician.
emotional physical mental
3. NOUNS ENDING IN -NESS, -URE, -DOM
AND -HOOD
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the
words in capitals.
cure heal recover
gain earn raise
1. Ahmed thought that by travelling
around the world he could escape
the of his
everyday life.
2. Elliot often suffered from childhood
.
3. Their attempt to cross the Atlantic
in a hot air balloon was a
.
4. Rose has a
for chocolate.
5. A suspicious-looking man was seen
in the on
the night of the burglary.
6. There are numerous
which can
be gained from visiting a new place.
BORE
ILL
FAIL
WEAK
NEIGHBOUR
PLEASE
68
GRAMMAR
B. Look at the following extract from
the article on page 67 and complete
the thought bubble.
1. REPORTED QUESTIONS
Read the extracts from the article on
page 67 and answer the questions that
follow.
3. PRACTICE
Read the text below and circle the correct words.
Last week, Eric realised he was bored of reading books every evening and
feeling tired all the time so he asked his friend Arthur what (1) could he
do / he could do to keep fit. Arthur is a fitness instructor and a dietician.
He advised Eric (2) do / to do something more active in his spare time
such as going to a gym. Eric said that he didn’t like going to the gym
and he wondered (3) if there was / if there is something more interesting
that he could do. Arthur suggested a martial arts class. Eric agreed that
(4) this is / that was a great idea and decided to join a martial arts class.
Arthur told him (5) not to overdo / not overdoing it in the beginning
as this could lead to injuries. Arthur also said that Eric (6) should try /
should have tried doing something for relaxation. Eric also wanted to
know how (7) could he / he could improve his diet. Arthur told him that
he (8) had / has had to eat more fresh fruit and vegetables. However, Eric
complained that he (9) disliked / had disliked eating vegetables and asked
(10) if Arthur knew / Arthur to know any health food restaurants that had
tasty vegetable dishes. Arthur suggested a restaurant that he often went
to. Eric thanked his friend for all his good advice and asked him whether
(11) would he like / he would like to go to the restaurant for a nice healthy
meal. Arthur agreed and said he (12) would bring / had brought his
cousin with him.
...I asked him why it had been important to
keep a record...
...When I asked him if he would go on such
a difficult expedition again...
• What questions did the reporter actually
ask Jason?
• Which words do the reported questions
begin with?
• Are the verbs in the reported questions in
the affirmative or in the question form?
2. REPORTED COMMANDS AND
REQUESTS
ENGLISH IN USE
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1. ‘I didn’t go to the gym yesterday,’ said Bander. gone
Bander said that to the
gym the previous day.
2. ‘Do you prefer basketball to tennis?’ said Saif. me
Saif asked basketball to
tennis.
3. ‘How often do you work out?’ Ted said to Robert. asked
Ted worked out.
4. ‘You shouldn’t eat junk food and you should try to get more exercise,’
the doctor told me. not
The doctor advised me
and to try to get more exercise.
5. ‘Will this diet really help me to lose weight?’ Shaikha asked herself.
whether
Shaikha wondered help
her to lose weight.
6. ‘Have you tried sushi before?’ Jason asked me. I
Jason wanted tried sushi
before.
7. ‘Did Mark go to the new restaurant with you last night?’ Carl asked me.
had
Carl asked me to the
new restaurant with me the previous night.
8. ‘My brother can’t ski very well but he loves to ice-skate,’ Eric told me.
his
Eric told me that very
well but that he loved to ice-skate.
A. Read the dialogues below and
answer the questions that follow.
Trainer: Stretch your arms, please.
Nasir: What did he say?
Jim: He asked us to stretch our arms.
Trainer: Don’t be lazy, Omer.
Nasir: What did he say to Omer?
Jim: He told him not to be lazy.
• Which verb is used to report a command?
• Which verb is used to report a request?
• What does the imperative (e.g. Stretch)
change to in Reported Speech?
• What about the negative imperative
(e.g. Don’t be)?
I kept telling myself to think positively and
not to get discouraged.
positively!
discouraged!
NOTE
We commonly introduce
reported questions with ask,
wonder and want to know.
Grammar Reference p. 138.
69
listening & speaking
LISTENING SPEAKING
1. PRE-LISTENING
Discuss.
1. a. vegetarian chefs from abroad
b. animal rights groups
c. vegetarian clothing designers
2. a. He wanted to eat more healthily.
b. His doctor told him to.
c. To lose weight.
3. a. To buy clothes.
b. To learn about new recipes.
c. To meet other vegetarians.
4. a. He is a vegetarian chef.
b. He wants to learn more about eating right.
c. He offers nutritional advice.
5. a. fruit
b. meat
c. beans
6. a. soy beans
b. lentils
c. eggs and cheese
7. a. eat more vegetables
b. take a multivitamin
c. eat one egg a day
8. a. five years ago
b. three years ago
c. two years ago
9. a. one
b. two
c. three
10. a. tofu
b. spices
c. soy
• What are some of your favourite kinds of
food? How healthy are they?
• What is your opinion on vegetarianism?
2. LISTENING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION
You are going to hear a radio programme
about a vegetarian festival. You will hear
the programme in several parts. After each
part you will hear some questions. For each
question choose the correct answer.
Talk in pairs. You and your friend want to sign up for at
least two activities over the summer to keep in shape.
Look at the pictures below and discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of each one. After you and your
partner have discussed the different activities, choose
two options that seem most suitable for you.
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of each activity?
• Which two activities seem most suitable for you?
70
VOCABULARY
Look at the groups of words below. How many other words
can you add to each group?
WORDS RELATED TO FOOD
GRAMMAR
CLAUSES OF RESULT
A. Read the extract from the programme that you
heard in the listening section and answer the
questions that follow.
B. Now, read the sentence below and answer the
questions that follow.
Over the years, Veggie House was so successful that I
opened up two more restaurants...
• Who or what was successful?
• What was the result of this?
Over the years, Veggie House was such a successful
restaurant that I opened up two more restaurants...
• Does the sentence above mean the same as the
sentence in A?
• What is the difference between so and such?
C. Read the rules below and rewrite the sentences
1-6 using so or such.
To express result we use:
• so + adjective or adverb + (that)
• such + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun + (that)
1. The soup was very tasty, and I decided to have some
more.
2. Robert drives very carelessly and he may have an
accident.
3. This exercise is too difficult for me to do.
4. Nasir has lots of money and he can lend you some.
5. Bob’s book was a success and it was on the bestseller
list for a long time.
6. I can’t help you carry the box because I feel very weak.
NOTE
so + much/many
such + a lot of
rich in
carbohydrates rich in protein seafood fruit vegetables
asparagus cabbage cauliflower broccoli
plums apricots dates kiwis
mussels lobster crab shrimp
pasta crisps rice cereal
beans lentils chickpeas nuts
Grammar Reference p. 138.
71
A. Read the rubric and answer the questions below.
WRITING A REPORT
1. DISCUSS
• Have you ever been to a fitness centre? If yes, what did you like/dislike about it?
If not, would you like to be a member of one? Why/Why not?
• What features should a good fitness centre have?
1. Why are you writing the report?
2. Who are you writing it for?
3. What style should it be written in?
4. Which of the following should you include in your report?
a) information about the location of the hotel
b) information about the fitness centre staff
c) information about the premises of the fitness centre
d) suggestions made by members of the fitness centre
e) information about other facilities the hotel offers
2. FOCUS ON STYLE, CONTENT AND ORGANISATION
The manager of the hotel you work for has asked you to write a report
on the hotel’s fitness centre and suggest in what ways it can be improved.
B. Now read the report below. What information from question 4 above has been included in the report?
C. Read the report again and choose the appropriate heading for each paragraph.
To: Jeff Branson, Manager of the Palace Hotel
From: Clive Thomas
Subject: The hotel’s fitness centre
popular with hotel guests as well as residents of the city
who are members. This report focuses on some features
of the fitness centre that need to be improved in order to
make it even more attractive.
activities people ask for. The area with the strength training equipment is very cramped. It seems that it is necessary for
the fitness centre to expand.
be more personnel available to give advice and supervise activities. As a matter of fact, several fitness classes have been
cancelled because of the lack of an instructor.
an extra attraction, so the possibility of providing one should be looked into.
than it already is.
Since the hotel’s fitness centre o opened, it has been very
1
To begin with, even though the gym has a whole floor, the space available is too small to accommodate the variety of
2
The instructors and personal trainers are well qualified and always willing to offer their services. However, there should
3
A number of members have commented that they would like a juice bar in the fitness centre. This would definitely be
4
To sum up, I believe that if the above recommendations are carried out, the fitness centre will be even more successful
5
Staff Conclusion Introduction Other services
Size
72
3. OUTLINE
When writing a report:
keep in mind who you are writing the report for and
why so that you write in an appropriate style, formal if
you are writing it for a superior or semi-formal if you are
writing for a peer group.
give your report a title or use the following layout:
To:
From:
Subject:
Select three or four of your ideas and organise them
into separate paragraphs for every major point.
Use headings to indicate what topic each paragraph
focuses on.
When writing a report, follow the outline below.
INTRODUCTION
• State what the repor t is about.
MAIN PART (2-3 PARAGRAPHS)
• Give information and expand on the points
you want to make.
• Make recommendations/suggestions.
CONCLUSION
• State your overall impression/opinion.
For set phrases you can use, see Appendix I.
B. Write your report (120-180 words).
4. WRITING TASK
A. Read the rubric and answer the questions below.
1. Think about the sports facilities in your school. What
two or three features do you want to focus on?
2. What heading would you use for each of the features
you have chosen?
3. What specific suggestions do you have to make about
each of these features?
Your PE instructor has asked you to write a report about the
sports facilities in your school/college and suggest ways in
which they could be improved.
D. The information in a report is usually presented in an impersonal, formal way. One way of doing this is by
using the Passive Voice. Rewrite the report below in the Passive Voice to make it more formal and suggest an
appropriate heading for each paragraph.
To: The Town Council
From: John Budd
Subject: Suggestions about how to make Prospect Park safer
and more attractive
This is a report on what we must do to make Prospect Park
safer and more attractive.
First of all, we cannot allow cars in the park. People should park
their cars in the parking areas.
In addition, we have to collect all the rubbish. The town council should also place more rubbish bins in the busy areas of the
park.
m 1
2
3
Finally, somebody should clean the lake. Somebody needs to paint the park benches around the lake as well.
4
To sum up, if the town council carries out the above recommendations, more people will be able to enjoy Prospect Park.
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately
completes the sentence.
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. The employees at this hotel will your every
need and desire.
a. promote
b. cater for
c. offer
d. provide
2. The from my window is absolutely
breathtaking!
a. sight
b. view
c. image
d. scene
3. I in bed for over three hours, trying to get to
sleep.
a. lay
b. lain
c. laid
d. lied
4. It was already dark by the time we for my
brother’s house.
a. set off
b. took down
c. turned out
d. went after
5. Unfortunately, money is many politicians’ only
.
a. recreation
b. motivation
c. determination
d. courage
6. It took months for the soldiers’ wounds to .
a. cure
b. increase
c. heal
d. recover
7. Gas prices have , and many people are unhappy
about it.
a. gained
b. decreased
c. grown
d. risen
8. I have asked you to turn the lights off and lock
the door when you leave the house but you never do.
a. occasionally
b. very quickly
c. just for now
d. repeatedly
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a
grammatically correct sentence.
1. Our teacher that we wouldn’t have class
tomorrow.
a. told us
b. asked us
c. said us
d. told
2. The teacher told the students late for class.
a. to not be
b. not to be
c. to be not
d. be not
3. I to be home early tonight.
a. told
b. advised
c. suggested
d. promised
4. The doctor said get better soon.
a. that I was going
b. to me that I will
c. that I would
d. me that I would
5. When Jeff asked me I had any money, I told
him that I didn’t.
a. whether
b. why
c. had
d. would
6. There was food in her mouth that she couldn’t
speak.
a. so much
b. such
c. so a lot
d. such a lot
7. It was bad weather that we decided to stay in.
a. such a
b. so
c. so a
d. such
8. My employer asked overtime on Monday.
a. me to work
b. to me to work
c. to work me
d. me working
74
I had stopped going to the gym out of
(1) . I couldn’t stand
doing the same exercises day after day.
Besides, the gym was nowhere near my
(2) and having to
take a crowded bus to get there really
put me off going. Then, one day, my cousin
asked me to come along to his kung fu
class. I was worried that it might
involve standing on my head or doing some
other (3)
tasks so I made up an excuse to get out
of it. Fortunately, my cousin didn’t take ‘no’
for an answer and after a lot of nagging
I finally gave in and went along. I was
(4) surprised - it was
fun! The (5) started off
by telling us a little about kung fu. Kung fu
means ‘human achievement’ and has been
practised in China for over 4000 years. It’s
great for keeping fit. It’s no wonder it’s the
latest (6) craze. There
are various styles of kung fu; we did the
type classified as internal which focuses on
breathing and the building of internal
(7) . Although some of
the exercises were challenging, afterwards I
felt (8) calm.
1. ‘I’ve been to Paris before,’ said Abdullah. he
Abdullah to Paris before.
2. ‘Don’t forget to buy some milk on your way home,’ said Philip. reminded
Philip some milk on my way home.
3. ‘Jogging is a great way to keep fit,’ the instructor told us. was
The instructor a great way to keep fit.
4. ‘I don’t want to do this exercise,’ said Steven. refused
Steven exercise.
5. ‘Will I ever pass my driving test?’ Saed asked himself. wondered
Saed pass his driving test.
6. ‘Please remove your shoes before entering the swimming pool area,’ the lifeguard told us. asked
The lifeguard shoes before entering the swimming pool area.
7. Margaret’s homemade muffins were a success and they sold out immediately. such
Margaret’s homemade muffins they sold out immediately.
8. It was such a busy day at work that Mansour forgot to eat lunch. so
Mansour was he forgot to eat lunch.
E. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
C. Read the text and complete the blanks with the
correct form of the words in capitals.
BORE
NEIGHBOUR
POSSIBLE
PLEASANT
INSTRUCT
FIT
STRONG
PERFECT
Kyle Southhall is a personal trainer who helps busy people
organise their (1) schedules. Kyle (2) me
about one of his clients, Fred. ‘Fred has a demanding job
and a family to look after. When he came to me, he had
hardly any time to (3) , let alone to exercise.’
Kyle told Fred to start with a (4) session once
a week as this would help relax his muscles and (5)
his stress levels. ‘We also looked at easy ways to add more
(6) into his day, like walking rather than driving
whenever possible,’ said Kyle. Fred started doing ten
minutes of toning exercises in the mornings in a(n)
(7) to be more energetic. Kyle also recommended
some changes to Fred’s diet like eating healthy snacks
throughout the day and having vegetables with his main
meal in the evenings. Three months later, Fred has lost
the extra weight he had (8) and he looks (9) .
He has changed so (10) that he says he feels like
another person!
D. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b
or c best fits each gap.
1. a. health b. circulation c. fitness
2. a. told b. said c. asked
3. a. lie b. relax c. recover
4. a. massage b. physical c. pool
5. a. increase b. cure c. reduce
6. a. work b. exercise c. sleep
7. a. attempt b. activity c. anxiety
8. a. raised b. gained c. earned
9. a. healthier b. fitter c. physical
10. a. as b. a lot c. much
إرسال تعليق