Hope for a Greener Future
Environmental activists have welcomed scientific research which may soon make it possible to use windows as a
source of solar (1) . This will involve applying a see-through chemical liquid (2)
the surface of glass to capture light from the sun’s rays. (3) scientists can actually succeed
(4) developing this technique, it will indeed be a major breakthrough, which will
(5) a huge difference in our lives.
A similar technique was developed in the 1970s (6) it was abandoned as it didn’t prove to be very
efficient. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) who specialise
(7) developing renewable sources of energy (8) a lot of research into what
(9) wrong and (10) made important changes to the technology since then. As a
result, scientists are now confident that much more green energy will be available for everyday use. It seems that
the Earth cannot be saved (11) a lot more money is spent (12) similar schemes
around the world.
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
A. Complete the sentences with the words/phrases in
the box. There is one extra word/phrase which you
do not need to use.
1. Are foxes a(n) ?
2. Did you make much of a
when you sold your house?
3. What are the usual of a
chef’s salad?
4. My cousins have redecorated their home in
very pastel colours.
5. some marmalade
on your bread; it’s delicious.
take advantage of profit spread
appealing ingredients endangered species
1. Spectators must the pitch at all times.
2. Neither of them is telling us the truth. They are
something .
3. If you shouting, you will be sent out of
the classroom.
4. If you the sign-posted path, there is no
danger of getting lost.
B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the phrasal verbs in the box. There is an extra one
which you do not need to use.
keep off keep on keep to
keep back keep down
1. My cousins won’t return; they’ve moved to Australia for a while / good.
2. All online course registrations must be completed without delay / doubt.
3. Can we try the fish and chips at Doug’s Restaurant tonight for a change / while?
4. The terrorists stormed the building without fail / warning.
5. I lived in Bangkok for a while / sure in the late 90s.
6. Without doubt / fail, he is our country’s greatest inventor.
7. I’ll be at your house for good / sure by 9:30.
8. In the event of a fire in the factory, safety instructions must be followed without fail / doubt.
9. The new training programme applies to all members of the team without exception / doubt.
C. Circle the correct answer.
1. George phoned to say that he be late as
there’s been an accident on the motorway.
a. might not b. can c. might d. must not
2. You believe this, but I once met the Prime
Minister.
a. might b. could not c. might not d. could
3. Household chores be very tiring. My mum
is always complaining of backache.
a. will b. can’t c. must d. could
4. You be tired. You’ve been relaxing all day.
a. must b. could c. might not d. can’t
5. You needn’t worry about anything. The report
be ready today, sir.
a. will b. can’t c. may d. won’t
6. Murad be at the doctor’s office. He
mentioned that he had made an appointment to see him.
a. must b. can’t c. will d. could
1. There is the possibility of another snowstorm tonight.
There .
2. As it’s nearly midnight and Lesley isn’t answering her
phone, I expect she’s sleeping.
Lesley .
3. There is a car in the drive but Abdul doesn’t drive.
That .
4. Eric isn’t coming unless the weather cools down.
Unless .
5. You can trust Ron to find out the time of the last
train home.
Ron .
6. I’m not sure if those are Toby’s boots as he doesn’t play
football as much as he used to.
Those .
D. Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d. E. Rewrite the sentences below using the modal verbs
in the box.
might might not can’t must will won’t
VOCABULARY
A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words/phrases in the box. There is an extra word/phrase which
you do not need to use.
1. If she doesn’t follow a stricter diet, she won’t lose any weight.
She won’t lose any weight a stricter diet.
2. If you happen to see Dr Turner, give him my regards.
If Dr Turner, give him my regards.
3. You can use my computer if you are careful with it.
You can use my computer careful with it.
4. I’m sure the mouse is somewhere in the wardrobe.
The mouse in the wardrobe.
5. I’m sure that boy isn’t Jim because Jim is shorter.
That boy Jim because Jim is shorter.
6. There’s a possibility that they won’t visit us at the weekend.
They at the weekend.
7. It would be foolish of Larry not to accept the offer.
It would be foolish of Larry the offer.
8. You should read more to improve your vocabulary.
If read more to improve my vocabulary.
1. The local council has put bins for glass and paper in every neighbourhood.
2. It is important for industry to toxic waste in a responsible way so that no harm is
caused to the environment.
3. You should try to energy by switching off lights when you don’t need them.
4. I don’t use chemical cleaners to clean my house. I prefer to use a(n) product such as
baking soda instead.
5. We are trying to on all our unnecessary waste.
6. We started to use lightbulbs and, as a result, our electricity bill was much lower last
month.
7. You shouldn’t batteries as they cause serious damage to the environment.
throw away recycle cut down protect save
environmentally friendly dispose of energy-saving
EXAMINATION PRACTICE
B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
UNLESS
SHOULD
AS
BE
BE
MIGHT
IF
WERE
VOCABULARY
A. Circle the correct answer.
1. Michael be the next captain of the team.
Who knows?
a. could b. mustn’t c. would d. ought
2. There’s someone at the door. It be my next
door neighbour.
a. can b. must c. mustn’t d. shouldn’t
3. It was 3 o’clock an hour ago. Your watch be
right.
a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. can’t d. won’t
4. You can go to the park with your friends provided
you back before dark.
a. will be b. were c. would be d. are
1. We need to cut back on maintenance / emission costs.
2. Ethan, you mustn’t amuse yourself at the expense of / for the sake of others.
3. I don’t think Biology is a renewable / compulsory subject this term.
4. They’ve decided to enforce / eliminate violence from sports.
5. The protection of the environment should be claimed / regarded as something essential.
6. The city council has asked residents who commute / consume to and from the city centre not to use their cars, but to use
public transport instead.
7. Jabir needs to get a job; at the moment he is totally dependent / autonomy on his parents.
8. The government will launch a new convenience / campaign to make citizens more environmentally aware.
EXAMINATION PRACTICE
1. It is the responsibility of the police to ensure that the laws are .
a. compulsory b. enforced c. essential d. significant
2. the whole, I’d say the trip was a success.
a. On b. In c. With d. At
3. Drinking too much coffee may result insomnia and high blood pressure.
a. on b. at c. in d. to
4. For the sake the children, they decided to move to a better neighbourhood.
a. from b. of c. out d. to
5. Whatever you do, don’t the safety break, or else you’ll crash into the car in front.
a. increase b. decrease c. release d. lease
6. The crime rate has greatly since the police increased their patrols.
a. eliminated b. restricted c. diminished d. decreased
7. Only members of the board have to that information.
a. access b. admission c. entrance d. approach
8. Tigers are at risk of because hunters keep killing them for their fur.
a. extinction b. exhibition c. exhaust d. exception
B. Choose the word that most appropriately completes the sentence.
C. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
5. you attend every class and study hard, you
will probably get good grades.
a. Unless b. If c. Were d. When
6. You a very rich person if you were a bit
more careful with your money.
a. will be b. would be c. won’t be d. wouldn’t be
7. If I have my car, I would take a bus to
work.
a. wouldn’t b. shouldn’t c. mustn’t d. didn’t
8. Karen eats too quickly, she gets sick.
a. Unless b. Since c. When d. Should
Environmental activists have welcomed scientific research which may soon make it possible to use windows as a
source of solar (1) . This will involve applying a see-through chemical liquid (2)
the surface of glass to capture light from the sun’s rays. (3) scientists can actually succeed
(4) developing this technique, it will indeed be a major breakthrough, which will
(5) a huge difference in our lives.
A similar technique was developed in the 1970s (6) it was abandoned as it didn’t prove to be very
efficient. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) who specialise
(7) developing renewable sources of energy (8) a lot of research into what
(9) wrong and (10) made important changes to the technology since then. As a
result, scientists are now confident that much more green energy will be available for everyday use. It seems that
the Earth cannot be saved (11) a lot more money is spent (12) similar schemes
around the world.
VOCABULARY
GRAMMAR
A. Complete the sentences with the words/phrases in
the box. There is one extra word/phrase which you
do not need to use.
1. Are foxes a(n) ?
2. Did you make much of a
when you sold your house?
3. What are the usual of a
chef’s salad?
4. My cousins have redecorated their home in
very pastel colours.
5. some marmalade
on your bread; it’s delicious.
take advantage of profit spread
appealing ingredients endangered species
1. Spectators must the pitch at all times.
2. Neither of them is telling us the truth. They are
something .
3. If you shouting, you will be sent out of
the classroom.
4. If you the sign-posted path, there is no
danger of getting lost.
B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the phrasal verbs in the box. There is an extra one
which you do not need to use.
keep off keep on keep to
keep back keep down
1. My cousins won’t return; they’ve moved to Australia for a while / good.
2. All online course registrations must be completed without delay / doubt.
3. Can we try the fish and chips at Doug’s Restaurant tonight for a change / while?
4. The terrorists stormed the building without fail / warning.
5. I lived in Bangkok for a while / sure in the late 90s.
6. Without doubt / fail, he is our country’s greatest inventor.
7. I’ll be at your house for good / sure by 9:30.
8. In the event of a fire in the factory, safety instructions must be followed without fail / doubt.
9. The new training programme applies to all members of the team without exception / doubt.
C. Circle the correct answer.
1. George phoned to say that he be late as
there’s been an accident on the motorway.
a. might not b. can c. might d. must not
2. You believe this, but I once met the Prime
Minister.
a. might b. could not c. might not d. could
3. Household chores be very tiring. My mum
is always complaining of backache.
a. will b. can’t c. must d. could
4. You be tired. You’ve been relaxing all day.
a. must b. could c. might not d. can’t
5. You needn’t worry about anything. The report
be ready today, sir.
a. will b. can’t c. may d. won’t
6. Murad be at the doctor’s office. He
mentioned that he had made an appointment to see him.
a. must b. can’t c. will d. could
1. There is the possibility of another snowstorm tonight.
There .
2. As it’s nearly midnight and Lesley isn’t answering her
phone, I expect she’s sleeping.
Lesley .
3. There is a car in the drive but Abdul doesn’t drive.
That .
4. Eric isn’t coming unless the weather cools down.
Unless .
5. You can trust Ron to find out the time of the last
train home.
Ron .
6. I’m not sure if those are Toby’s boots as he doesn’t play
football as much as he used to.
Those .
D. Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d. E. Rewrite the sentences below using the modal verbs
in the box.
might might not can’t must will won’t
VOCABULARY
A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words/phrases in the box. There is an extra word/phrase which
you do not need to use.
1. If she doesn’t follow a stricter diet, she won’t lose any weight.
She won’t lose any weight a stricter diet.
2. If you happen to see Dr Turner, give him my regards.
If Dr Turner, give him my regards.
3. You can use my computer if you are careful with it.
You can use my computer careful with it.
4. I’m sure the mouse is somewhere in the wardrobe.
The mouse in the wardrobe.
5. I’m sure that boy isn’t Jim because Jim is shorter.
That boy Jim because Jim is shorter.
6. There’s a possibility that they won’t visit us at the weekend.
They at the weekend.
7. It would be foolish of Larry not to accept the offer.
It would be foolish of Larry the offer.
8. You should read more to improve your vocabulary.
If read more to improve my vocabulary.
1. The local council has put bins for glass and paper in every neighbourhood.
2. It is important for industry to toxic waste in a responsible way so that no harm is
caused to the environment.
3. You should try to energy by switching off lights when you don’t need them.
4. I don’t use chemical cleaners to clean my house. I prefer to use a(n) product such as
baking soda instead.
5. We are trying to on all our unnecessary waste.
6. We started to use lightbulbs and, as a result, our electricity bill was much lower last
month.
7. You shouldn’t batteries as they cause serious damage to the environment.
throw away recycle cut down protect save
environmentally friendly dispose of energy-saving
EXAMINATION PRACTICE
B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
UNLESS
SHOULD
AS
BE
BE
MIGHT
IF
WERE
VOCABULARY
A. Circle the correct answer.
1. Michael be the next captain of the team.
Who knows?
a. could b. mustn’t c. would d. ought
2. There’s someone at the door. It be my next
door neighbour.
a. can b. must c. mustn’t d. shouldn’t
3. It was 3 o’clock an hour ago. Your watch be
right.
a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. can’t d. won’t
4. You can go to the park with your friends provided
you back before dark.
a. will be b. were c. would be d. are
1. We need to cut back on maintenance / emission costs.
2. Ethan, you mustn’t amuse yourself at the expense of / for the sake of others.
3. I don’t think Biology is a renewable / compulsory subject this term.
4. They’ve decided to enforce / eliminate violence from sports.
5. The protection of the environment should be claimed / regarded as something essential.
6. The city council has asked residents who commute / consume to and from the city centre not to use their cars, but to use
public transport instead.
7. Jabir needs to get a job; at the moment he is totally dependent / autonomy on his parents.
8. The government will launch a new convenience / campaign to make citizens more environmentally aware.
EXAMINATION PRACTICE
1. It is the responsibility of the police to ensure that the laws are .
a. compulsory b. enforced c. essential d. significant
2. the whole, I’d say the trip was a success.
a. On b. In c. With d. At
3. Drinking too much coffee may result insomnia and high blood pressure.
a. on b. at c. in d. to
4. For the sake the children, they decided to move to a better neighbourhood.
a. from b. of c. out d. to
5. Whatever you do, don’t the safety break, or else you’ll crash into the car in front.
a. increase b. decrease c. release d. lease
6. The crime rate has greatly since the police increased their patrols.
a. eliminated b. restricted c. diminished d. decreased
7. Only members of the board have to that information.
a. access b. admission c. entrance d. approach
8. Tigers are at risk of because hunters keep killing them for their fur.
a. extinction b. exhibition c. exhaust d. exception
B. Choose the word that most appropriately completes the sentence.
C. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
5. you attend every class and study hard, you
will probably get good grades.
a. Unless b. If c. Were d. When
6. You a very rich person if you were a bit
more careful with your money.
a. will be b. would be c. won’t be d. wouldn’t be
7. If I have my car, I would take a bus to
work.
a. wouldn’t b. shouldn’t c. mustn’t d. didn’t
8. Karen eats too quickly, she gets sick.
a. Unless b. Since c. When d. Should
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