RAWHIDE wild west town Dinosaur world
Plant City, Florida
(20 min. from Tampa,
1 hour from Orlando)
Hours: 9am-6pm daily
(9-5 Dec-Jan)
Admission: $12.75 (adults),
$9.75 (children), $10.75 (seniors/military personnel)
$2 off when ordering from the website
You’ll be amazed at Dinosaur World by our 150 lifesized
dinosaur replicas in their recreated natural
habitats. After you’ve explored the dino habitats and
caves, get ready for some digging! In the ‘bone yard,’
you can dig up full dinosaur skeletons. Children aged
3-12 love taking part in our fossil dig, where they can
search for shark teeth, shells, coral and much more!
Each child may keep three pieces of their finds, as a
souvenir of their ‘dig’.
There is no food service available, but there is a nearby
picnic area if you’d like to bring your own.
Group rates available. Special outdoor interactive classes
are available for schools.
a. exact copies
b. in prison
c. findings
d. behaving improperly
e. in harmony
f. extraordinary
g. the natural environment
in which an animal lives
43
GRAMMAR
A. Look at the following examples of full infinitives
(e.g. to do), bare infinitives (e.g. do) and -ing
forms (e.g. doing) in the advertisements 3 and 4
on page 43 and complete the rules.
1. I must remember to lock the door before
leaving the building.
2. I remember locking the door when I left the
building.
a. First I remember, then I do it.
b. I remember that I have done something earlier.
3. He stopped taking pictures when he saw the
‘No Photos’ sign.
4. He stopped to take some pictures of the nice view.
a. He took pictures after he stopped doing
something else.
b. He was taking pictures and then he stopped
doing it.
5. She tried to open the door but she couldn’t.
6. She tried opening the door with a fork.
a. She made an effort.
b. She did something to see what effect it would
have.
Complete the collocations using the verbs in the box.
You can find some of them in the advertisements on
pages 42-43.
VOCABULARY
FOCUS ON USE
1. INFINITIVES AND -ING FORMS
vocabulary & grammar
1. COLLOCATIONS WITH GET, GO, HAVE AND
TAKE
2. WORDS EASILY CONFUSED
get go have take
B. Read the following sets of sentences and match
them with the statements a or b which are the
closest in meaning.
1. shopping
2. a great time
3. a swim
4. swimming
5. a stroll
6. a meal
7. fun
8. ready
take bring
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the
words in the boxes.
1. Don’t forget to your mobile phone with
you when you leave.
2. Will you please me the remote control?
3. He told us an amazing about what he
did while he was on holiday.
4. This town has a very old that makes a
lot of people want to come here.
5. The awards ceremony will tomorrow
evening at eight.
6. I in many school competitions when I was
younger.
7. I didn’t have an umbrella with me, so I got all
when it rained.
8. It is so hot and today that I feel like I’m
in a sauna!
9. I always a book in my backpack so I
have something to read on the train.
10. Do you think you can the door open
for me, please?
11. In some of the remote villages, people still wear
traditional .
12. He bought an expensive new Armani
for his wedding.
13. Andrew is an officer in the Air Force and has to get
his cleaned and ironed daily.
9. a photograph
10. to sleep
11. a tour
12. a nap
13. to a festival
14. a holiday
15. on holiday
16. for a walk
suit costume uniform
hold keep
wet humid
take part take place
story history
Grammar Reference pp. 135-136.
The is used after:
• modal verbs (can, could, must, should, may, etc.)
• let and make in the active voice
• would rather and had better
The is used after:
• certain verbs (want, would like, hope, decide,
manage, agree, refuse, seem, promise, etc.)
• be + adjective (it's nice, I was happy, etc.)
• too and enough
• question words (how, what, when, where, etc.)
The is used after:
• certain verbs (avoid, enjoy, love, hate, finish, imagine,
mind, risk, suggest, consider, etc.)
• certain expressions (how about, it's no use, it's no
good, there's no point in, be used to, etc.)
• prepositions (for, about, without, etc.)
Children aged 3-12 love taking part in our fossil dig,
where they can search for shark teeth, shells, coral and
much more!
Don’t forget to take a donkey ride.
44
2. PRACTICE
Complete the text below with the full infinitive, the bare infinitive or the -ing form of the verbs in brackets.
Read the text below and choose the answer a, b or c that best fits each gap.
ENGLISH IN USE
My father is an archaeologist and during the holidays he often takes
me on trips to different exotic places. The most exciting trip I’ve been
on so far was to a place near the city of Abha in Saudi Arabia. If you
want (1) (see) beautiful places and breathtaking
scenery, then it’s worth (2) (visit) Abha and its
surrounding area. There are loads of things (3)
(do) and places (4) (explore). If you are
planning on (5) (visit) Abha, you must
definitely (6) (go) to Rijal Alma; it’s a
traditional village which has kept its architectural heritage. It also has
a museum where you can (7) (learn) about
the culture of this amazing place. I loved (8)
(walk) around the village and (9) (look) at the
impressive buildings, which are made of stone. The highlight of our
trip was the trek along the mountain trails. Although you may
(10) (be) tired after (11)
(complete) the trek, it is well worth the effort because you will
(12) (have) the chance to marvel at truly
amazing landscapes. Don’t miss it if you want (13)
(get) a true taste of Saudi Arabia.
During the week John leads a quiet life. His job in a construction
company is not very exciting. At the weekend, though, his life
changes. He spends his time (1) ; he is a rally driver. He
travels all around Europe to (2) in car races. He first
became interested in the sport when some of his friends arranged
a trip to a nearby race track. They (3) a great time, and one
rally driver actually let him (4) his car. After that John
was hooked. John loves the thrill of the race and the fact that
he can (5) lots of interesting places. The hardest race he’s
ever been in took place in Croatia. The rough, twisting mountain
roads, extreme heat and clouds of dust really tested his (6) .
Despite these harsh conditions, John still managed (7) the
race in second place and he won €1000. John also regularly
gives talks around the country about rally racing in the hope of
(8) more young people to join the sport. He believes that
it can really be a(n) (9) experience for them. John says that
rally driving allows you to (10) from your daily routine
while having loads of fun at the same time.
1.
a. race b. racing c. to race
2.
a. take place b. take time c. take part
3.
a. got b. had c. took
4.
a. to drive b. drive c. driving
5.
a. visit b. to visit c. visiting
6.
a. experience b. endurance c. demonstration
7.
a. complete b. completing c. to complete
8.
a. encourage b. encouraging c. to encourage
9.
a. rewarding b. scenic c. available
10.
a. combine b. escape c. explore
Rijal Alma
A thrilling pastime
A trip to
45
LISTENING
SPEAKING
café
restaurant
amusement park
shopping mall
escape from routine
relax
socialise
There are/aren’t many ways to entertain yourself.
There are many things you can do, for example…
There aren’t many things to do, only…
…and… are very popular because…
I would say that young people…
I think that older people…
I wouldn’t say that…
• What forms of entertainment are
available where you live?
• What forms of entertainment are popular
with young people in your country?
• Young people generally enjoy different
kinds of entertainment than older people.
Why do you think that is?
• What kind of things do you usually do
when you go out with your friends? Why?
• Do you think young people today spend
too much money on entertainment?
Discuss the following questions. You can use some of the words and expressions in the boxes.
You will hear short conversations. After you hear each conversation, you will be asked a question about what you
heard. Choose the picture which answers the question correctly.
writing
Write your essay based on the outline you have made.
5. WRITING TASK
WRITING AN ESSAY II
When writing an essay expressing an opinion:
select a few ideas/points/arguments (the ones you
have the most to say about). Don’t try to deal with too
many points.
use topic sentences to express the central idea of
each paragraph.
develop the paragraphs by expanding on the idea
in the topic sentence. Justify your ideas and, when
possible, use examples to illustrate them.
introduce examples by using phrases such as:
for example, for instance, such as, etc.
1. DISCUSS
• Do you enjoy visiting museums? Why/Why not?
2. FOCUS ON RUBRIC AND PURPOSE
3. TOPIC SENTENCES
4. OUTLINE
A. Read the rubric and answer the question that follows.
Introduction:
paragraph 1:
Main part
paragraph 2:
Conclusion:
Read the rubric below. Then, copy and complete the
outline for the essay.
Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the following
topic:
Reading a book is probably the best way
to relax.
A. Read the sentences underlined in the essay. These
sentences are called topic sentences. What do you
think their function is?
B. Read the note below and then answer questions 1
and 2.
NOTE
Topic sentences introduce the central idea of the
paragraph. The other sentences in the paragraph
develop the idea expressed in the topic sentence by
expanding on it, giving examples or explaining it.
1. In the second paragraph, what examples of museums
does the writer mention? What does he/she say about
them?
2. In the third paragraph, how does the writer justify his/
her argument that a museum can be an excellent way
to educate children?
C. The topic sentence from the paragraph below is
missing. Read the paragraph and choose the most
appropriate topic sentence a, b or c.
a. There is no doubt that eating out at a restaurant as a
form of entertainment is not as popular as it once was.
b. Eating out at a restaurant is a popular form of
entertainment that is both relaxing and stimulating.
c. Entertainment, whether it is eating out at a
restaurant or doing whatever else you enjoy, is a
significant aspect of our lifestyle.
Your class has just returned from a school trip to a local
museum. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the
following topic:
A visit to a museum is a rewarding
experience for people of all ages.
What are you asked to do in this essay?
a. describe an experience and express emotions
b. express your opinion and develop arguments
c. provide factual information and make a recommendation
B. Now read the essay. Are the arguments developed
according to what was specified in the rubric?
A trip to a museum can be useful and fun for the young and
old alike. The exhibitions in different kinds of museums
help people of all ages to understand the world and travel
into the past, present and future.
The variety of things one can learn about in museums
is indeed impressive. H istorical m useums, f or i nstance,
help us understand our past by displaying objects and
information to show us how our ancestors lived and
survived. Others, such as scientific and technological
museums and museums of natural history, give visitors
the opportunity to explore different aspects of the world
around them. Moreover, many museums today use huge
visual and interactive displays that stimulate the visitors’
imagination and make the experience very realistic.
Furthermore, a visit to a museum can also be an excellent
way to educate even young children. Many museums today
have special programmes that help children appreciate
what a museum has to offer and learn from their visit.
Lifelike displays are able to attract a child’s attention and
are much more vivid and memorable than information in
a textbook.
To sum up, a visit to a museum is valuable for both adults
and children. The creative and imaginative exhibitions can
be entertaining and at the same time educational.
When you eat out at a restaurant, you are able to
leave all the day’s stress and problems behind. You sit
in a pleasant environment and enjoy a delicious meal.
Moreover, going to a restaurant is a great way to get out of
the house, meet up with friends and relatives and break
your everyday routine.
For linking words/phrases you can use,
see Appendix I.
47
1. PRE-READING
• Do you collect anything? If yes, what do you collect,
how long have you had your collection and what made
you start? If not, do you know or have you heard of any
people with unusual collections?
Discuss.
2. READING FOR GIST
Read the text quickly without paying attention to the
missing sentences and answer the questions below.
READING
3. RECONSTRUCTING A GAPPED TEXT
Read the text again. Complete the gaps in the text
with the sentences A-G below. There is one extra
sentence which you do not need to use.
a. What is Josh Lemming’s strange collection?
b. Who helped him organise his collection?
c. How do people react to Josh’s collection?
A. Josh is a great football fan, and even when
in foreign countries, he always makes an effort to
go to a match, even if he doesn’t know the teams very
well.
B. Josh didn’t really like the attention at first.
C. At first, only his friends knew about his collection.
D. Josh doesn’t think his collection is very important
but he doesn’t want to displease his mother.
E. Josh’s enthusiasm for collecting will keep
him occupied for many years to come.
F. Some people even got inspired to start
their own collections.
G. Josh’s mother actually had the idea
of arranging the tickets in albums.
4. GUESSING THE MEANING OF
UNKNOWN WORDS
Match the highlighted words in the article
with the meanings a-h. There are two extra
meanings which you do not need to use.
1. respond
2. avid
3. requested
4. peculiar
5. published
6. appreciate
a. like
b. strange
c. believe
d. reply
e. enthusiastic
f. old-fashioned
g. printed
h. asked for
Plant City, Florida
(20 min. from Tampa,
1 hour from Orlando)
Hours: 9am-6pm daily
(9-5 Dec-Jan)
Admission: $12.75 (adults),
$9.75 (children), $10.75 (seniors/military personnel)
$2 off when ordering from the website
You’ll be amazed at Dinosaur World by our 150 lifesized
dinosaur replicas in their recreated natural
habitats. After you’ve explored the dino habitats and
caves, get ready for some digging! In the ‘bone yard,’
you can dig up full dinosaur skeletons. Children aged
3-12 love taking part in our fossil dig, where they can
search for shark teeth, shells, coral and much more!
Each child may keep three pieces of their finds, as a
souvenir of their ‘dig’.
There is no food service available, but there is a nearby
picnic area if you’d like to bring your own.
Group rates available. Special outdoor interactive classes
are available for schools.
a. exact copies
b. in prison
c. findings
d. behaving improperly
e. in harmony
f. extraordinary
g. the natural environment
in which an animal lives
43
GRAMMAR
A. Look at the following examples of full infinitives
(e.g. to do), bare infinitives (e.g. do) and -ing
forms (e.g. doing) in the advertisements 3 and 4
on page 43 and complete the rules.
1. I must remember to lock the door before
leaving the building.
2. I remember locking the door when I left the
building.
a. First I remember, then I do it.
b. I remember that I have done something earlier.
3. He stopped taking pictures when he saw the
‘No Photos’ sign.
4. He stopped to take some pictures of the nice view.
a. He took pictures after he stopped doing
something else.
b. He was taking pictures and then he stopped
doing it.
5. She tried to open the door but she couldn’t.
6. She tried opening the door with a fork.
a. She made an effort.
b. She did something to see what effect it would
have.
Complete the collocations using the verbs in the box.
You can find some of them in the advertisements on
pages 42-43.
VOCABULARY
FOCUS ON USE
1. INFINITIVES AND -ING FORMS
vocabulary & grammar
1. COLLOCATIONS WITH GET, GO, HAVE AND
TAKE
2. WORDS EASILY CONFUSED
get go have take
B. Read the following sets of sentences and match
them with the statements a or b which are the
closest in meaning.
1. shopping
2. a great time
3. a swim
4. swimming
5. a stroll
6. a meal
7. fun
8. ready
take bring
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the
words in the boxes.
1. Don’t forget to your mobile phone with
you when you leave.
2. Will you please me the remote control?
3. He told us an amazing about what he
did while he was on holiday.
4. This town has a very old that makes a
lot of people want to come here.
5. The awards ceremony will tomorrow
evening at eight.
6. I in many school competitions when I was
younger.
7. I didn’t have an umbrella with me, so I got all
when it rained.
8. It is so hot and today that I feel like I’m
in a sauna!
9. I always a book in my backpack so I
have something to read on the train.
10. Do you think you can the door open
for me, please?
11. In some of the remote villages, people still wear
traditional .
12. He bought an expensive new Armani
for his wedding.
13. Andrew is an officer in the Air Force and has to get
his cleaned and ironed daily.
9. a photograph
10. to sleep
11. a tour
12. a nap
13. to a festival
14. a holiday
15. on holiday
16. for a walk
suit costume uniform
hold keep
wet humid
take part take place
story history
Grammar Reference pp. 135-136.
The is used after:
• modal verbs (can, could, must, should, may, etc.)
• let and make in the active voice
• would rather and had better
The is used after:
• certain verbs (want, would like, hope, decide,
manage, agree, refuse, seem, promise, etc.)
• be + adjective (it's nice, I was happy, etc.)
• too and enough
• question words (how, what, when, where, etc.)
The is used after:
• certain verbs (avoid, enjoy, love, hate, finish, imagine,
mind, risk, suggest, consider, etc.)
• certain expressions (how about, it's no use, it's no
good, there's no point in, be used to, etc.)
• prepositions (for, about, without, etc.)
Children aged 3-12 love taking part in our fossil dig,
where they can search for shark teeth, shells, coral and
much more!
Don’t forget to take a donkey ride.
44
2. PRACTICE
Complete the text below with the full infinitive, the bare infinitive or the -ing form of the verbs in brackets.
Read the text below and choose the answer a, b or c that best fits each gap.
ENGLISH IN USE
My father is an archaeologist and during the holidays he often takes
me on trips to different exotic places. The most exciting trip I’ve been
on so far was to a place near the city of Abha in Saudi Arabia. If you
want (1) (see) beautiful places and breathtaking
scenery, then it’s worth (2) (visit) Abha and its
surrounding area. There are loads of things (3)
(do) and places (4) (explore). If you are
planning on (5) (visit) Abha, you must
definitely (6) (go) to Rijal Alma; it’s a
traditional village which has kept its architectural heritage. It also has
a museum where you can (7) (learn) about
the culture of this amazing place. I loved (8)
(walk) around the village and (9) (look) at the
impressive buildings, which are made of stone. The highlight of our
trip was the trek along the mountain trails. Although you may
(10) (be) tired after (11)
(complete) the trek, it is well worth the effort because you will
(12) (have) the chance to marvel at truly
amazing landscapes. Don’t miss it if you want (13)
(get) a true taste of Saudi Arabia.
During the week John leads a quiet life. His job in a construction
company is not very exciting. At the weekend, though, his life
changes. He spends his time (1) ; he is a rally driver. He
travels all around Europe to (2) in car races. He first
became interested in the sport when some of his friends arranged
a trip to a nearby race track. They (3) a great time, and one
rally driver actually let him (4) his car. After that John
was hooked. John loves the thrill of the race and the fact that
he can (5) lots of interesting places. The hardest race he’s
ever been in took place in Croatia. The rough, twisting mountain
roads, extreme heat and clouds of dust really tested his (6) .
Despite these harsh conditions, John still managed (7) the
race in second place and he won €1000. John also regularly
gives talks around the country about rally racing in the hope of
(8) more young people to join the sport. He believes that
it can really be a(n) (9) experience for them. John says that
rally driving allows you to (10) from your daily routine
while having loads of fun at the same time.
1.
a. race b. racing c. to race
2.
a. take place b. take time c. take part
3.
a. got b. had c. took
4.
a. to drive b. drive c. driving
5.
a. visit b. to visit c. visiting
6.
a. experience b. endurance c. demonstration
7.
a. complete b. completing c. to complete
8.
a. encourage b. encouraging c. to encourage
9.
a. rewarding b. scenic c. available
10.
a. combine b. escape c. explore
Rijal Alma
A thrilling pastime
A trip to
45
LISTENING
SPEAKING
café
restaurant
amusement park
shopping mall
escape from routine
relax
socialise
There are/aren’t many ways to entertain yourself.
There are many things you can do, for example…
There aren’t many things to do, only…
…and… are very popular because…
I would say that young people…
I think that older people…
I wouldn’t say that…
• What forms of entertainment are
available where you live?
• What forms of entertainment are popular
with young people in your country?
• Young people generally enjoy different
kinds of entertainment than older people.
Why do you think that is?
• What kind of things do you usually do
when you go out with your friends? Why?
• Do you think young people today spend
too much money on entertainment?
Discuss the following questions. You can use some of the words and expressions in the boxes.
You will hear short conversations. After you hear each conversation, you will be asked a question about what you
heard. Choose the picture which answers the question correctly.
writing
Write your essay based on the outline you have made.
5. WRITING TASK
WRITING AN ESSAY II
When writing an essay expressing an opinion:
select a few ideas/points/arguments (the ones you
have the most to say about). Don’t try to deal with too
many points.
use topic sentences to express the central idea of
each paragraph.
develop the paragraphs by expanding on the idea
in the topic sentence. Justify your ideas and, when
possible, use examples to illustrate them.
introduce examples by using phrases such as:
for example, for instance, such as, etc.
1. DISCUSS
• Do you enjoy visiting museums? Why/Why not?
2. FOCUS ON RUBRIC AND PURPOSE
3. TOPIC SENTENCES
4. OUTLINE
A. Read the rubric and answer the question that follows.
Introduction:
paragraph 1:
Main part
paragraph 2:
Conclusion:
Read the rubric below. Then, copy and complete the
outline for the essay.
Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the following
topic:
Reading a book is probably the best way
to relax.
A. Read the sentences underlined in the essay. These
sentences are called topic sentences. What do you
think their function is?
B. Read the note below and then answer questions 1
and 2.
NOTE
Topic sentences introduce the central idea of the
paragraph. The other sentences in the paragraph
develop the idea expressed in the topic sentence by
expanding on it, giving examples or explaining it.
1. In the second paragraph, what examples of museums
does the writer mention? What does he/she say about
them?
2. In the third paragraph, how does the writer justify his/
her argument that a museum can be an excellent way
to educate children?
C. The topic sentence from the paragraph below is
missing. Read the paragraph and choose the most
appropriate topic sentence a, b or c.
a. There is no doubt that eating out at a restaurant as a
form of entertainment is not as popular as it once was.
b. Eating out at a restaurant is a popular form of
entertainment that is both relaxing and stimulating.
c. Entertainment, whether it is eating out at a
restaurant or doing whatever else you enjoy, is a
significant aspect of our lifestyle.
Your class has just returned from a school trip to a local
museum. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the
following topic:
A visit to a museum is a rewarding
experience for people of all ages.
What are you asked to do in this essay?
a. describe an experience and express emotions
b. express your opinion and develop arguments
c. provide factual information and make a recommendation
B. Now read the essay. Are the arguments developed
according to what was specified in the rubric?
A trip to a museum can be useful and fun for the young and
old alike. The exhibitions in different kinds of museums
help people of all ages to understand the world and travel
into the past, present and future.
The variety of things one can learn about in museums
is indeed impressive. H istorical m useums, f or i nstance,
help us understand our past by displaying objects and
information to show us how our ancestors lived and
survived. Others, such as scientific and technological
museums and museums of natural history, give visitors
the opportunity to explore different aspects of the world
around them. Moreover, many museums today use huge
visual and interactive displays that stimulate the visitors’
imagination and make the experience very realistic.
Furthermore, a visit to a museum can also be an excellent
way to educate even young children. Many museums today
have special programmes that help children appreciate
what a museum has to offer and learn from their visit.
Lifelike displays are able to attract a child’s attention and
are much more vivid and memorable than information in
a textbook.
To sum up, a visit to a museum is valuable for both adults
and children. The creative and imaginative exhibitions can
be entertaining and at the same time educational.
When you eat out at a restaurant, you are able to
leave all the day’s stress and problems behind. You sit
in a pleasant environment and enjoy a delicious meal.
Moreover, going to a restaurant is a great way to get out of
the house, meet up with friends and relatives and break
your everyday routine.
For linking words/phrases you can use,
see Appendix I.
47
1. PRE-READING
• Do you collect anything? If yes, what do you collect,
how long have you had your collection and what made
you start? If not, do you know or have you heard of any
people with unusual collections?
Discuss.
2. READING FOR GIST
Read the text quickly without paying attention to the
missing sentences and answer the questions below.
READING
3. RECONSTRUCTING A GAPPED TEXT
Read the text again. Complete the gaps in the text
with the sentences A-G below. There is one extra
sentence which you do not need to use.
a. What is Josh Lemming’s strange collection?
b. Who helped him organise his collection?
c. How do people react to Josh’s collection?
A. Josh is a great football fan, and even when
in foreign countries, he always makes an effort to
go to a match, even if he doesn’t know the teams very
well.
B. Josh didn’t really like the attention at first.
C. At first, only his friends knew about his collection.
D. Josh doesn’t think his collection is very important
but he doesn’t want to displease his mother.
E. Josh’s enthusiasm for collecting will keep
him occupied for many years to come.
F. Some people even got inspired to start
their own collections.
G. Josh’s mother actually had the idea
of arranging the tickets in albums.
4. GUESSING THE MEANING OF
UNKNOWN WORDS
Match the highlighted words in the article
with the meanings a-h. There are two extra
meanings which you do not need to use.
1. respond
2. avid
3. requested
4. peculiar
5. published
6. appreciate
a. like
b. strange
c. believe
d. reply
e. enthusiastic
f. old-fashioned
g. printed
h. asked for
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