RECKLESS DRIVING
Growing populations in cities, along with people’s
need to commute longer distances for work or
leisure, have led to a great increase in the number
of cars on the roads. As a result, automobile
accidents have also become more common. Most
people would agree that this is a serious problem
today and that measures must be taken to change
this situation.
There are many factors that may contribute to
the occurrence of automobile accidents, such as
the bad construction of roads or unfavourable
weather conditions. However, the one factor that
contributes regardless of any others is careless
or reckless driving. It is not uncommon today for
us to witness instances of this: impatient drivers
exceeding the speed limit, violating traffic lights
or overtaking in narrow streets are just a few
examples. It is evident that, in order to change
things, we need to reach the drivers themselves.
There are several ways to deal with the problem.
First of all, it would be a good idea to create driver
education classes for young people in order to
make drivers more aware of the importance of
driving carefully as well as the consequences
of driving carelessly. Furthermore, any traffic
violations should be dealt with strictly. For
instance, drivers who make violations could be
fined, and, in the case of repeated violations,
drivers’ licences could be suspended for a period
of time. These measures might stop drivers from
doing something that they might later regret.
Cars are an integral part of our lives today,
and we must learn how to live with them without
endangering our lives and the lives of others.
It is a question of creating informed and
responsible drivers.
108
When you are writing an essay discussing a problem and
suggesting solutions:
describe the problem and give examples.
suggest one or two solutions and explain how they
would help.
use a variety of expressions to make suggestions. For expressions and phrases that you can use,
see Appendix I.
6. WRITING TASK
Write the essay using your ideas above (150-175 words).
5. PLANNING
A. Read the article and the rubric below and underline
the key words in the rubric.
Teens victims of stress
On Friday, 22 March, Professor Carl Willoughby will
be speaking at the Claremont Community Centre
on the topic of Teens and Stress. Increasing numbers
of teenagers are reported to be suffering from stress,
a fact which is worrying parents and teachers alike.
Ways of coping with stress will be discussed and
parents and children are invited to take part in the
discussion that will follow.
B. Identify the problem you are asked to write about
and complete the boxes.
4. OUTLINE
When you are writing an essay discussing a problem
and suggesting solutions, follow the outline below.
INTRODUCTION
• Introduce the topic of the essay.
MAIN PART
• Describe the problem or explain what causes
the problem.
• Suggest solutions to the problem and give
examples.
CONCLUSION
• suggestions.
Close with a general comment on your
3. BRAINSTORMING
Look at the problems below. Think of what causes
these problems, how they can be solved and give any
specific examples you can think of.
Problem
Cause
Solution
Examples
Problem
People today have unhealthy eating habits.
Cause
Solution
Examples
Problem
There are many homeless people in big cities.
Cause
Solution
Examples
Teenagers today often complain that the demands of
schoolwork and examinations are a source of great stress and
anxiety for them. Discuss the problem and offer solutions
that would help young people cope with stress. Support your
views with examples.
109
round-up
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately
completes the sentence.
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. The company is taking measures to cut down
on its costs.
a. drastic
b. ordinary
c. complimentary
d. traditional
2. This restaurant specialises in French .
a. cuisine
b. kitchen
c. cooker
d. chefs
3. I don’t think Eric likes me. He must be jealous
my success.
a. about
b. for
c. of
d. with
4. There was something about the man.
a. common
b. familiar
c. cosy
d. popular
5. We were all having dinner when Greg turned up out of
the .
a. red
b. green
c. white
d. blue
6. The moment I eyes on the car, I knew I had to
buy it.
a. set
b. put
c. took
d. got
7. Salim’s painting took my away; it was
beautiful.
a. surprise
b. breath
c. interest
d. notice
8. I was really of myself when I won the short
story competition.
a. proud
b. excited
c. nervous
d. famous
1. I wish I harder when I was at school.
a. study
b. would have studied
c. studied
d. had studied
2. Look at that gorgeous dress! If only I enough
money to buy it.
a. had
b. have
c. could have
d. had had
3. I’d we took the train. I hate buses.
a. wish
b. want
c. rather
d. like
4. I’d rather you John’s camera without asking
him first. He’ll be furious if you do.
a. don’t borrow
b. didn’t borrow
c. haven’t borrowed
d. borrowed
5. I wish we have to leave so early.
a. didn’t
b. hadn’t
c. don’t
d. not
6. I need to have my front door .
a. repair
b. repaired
c. repairing
d. to repair
7. We want to get someone a security system in
our house.
a. install
b. installed
c. to install
d. would install
8. If Ahmed had been more careful, he an
accident.
a. didn’t have
b. wouldn’t have
c. wouldn’t have had
d. hadn’t had
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a
grammatically correct sentence.
110
Sally and Peter Fielding both used to work as teachers in Birmingham. After thirty years, the couple retired
from teaching and moved to France. They were both tired of the stresses (1) modern-day life and wanted to
experience (2) different, so they bought a farmhouse in Provence. The farmhouse is located outside the
picturesque village of Lacoste. It is surrounded (3) several acres of land with olive groves, and with the help of
their friendly neighbours, Sally and Peter have started producing their own olive oil. Their lifestyle is different
(4) what it used to be, but they don’t regret their decision. They are very busy (5) everyday
chores and their days are now spent working mostly on the olive farm. Sally also tends (6) her vegetable
garden where she grows organic produce. They sometimes go into the village of Lacoste to (7) some shopping
or sell their olive oil. Life takes place at a much slower pace, and they find they have time to really enjoy it. If they had
known how much they’d like their new lifestyle, they (8) have moved earlier.
1. I spent all my money in the sales and now I don’t have enough money to pay the bills. wish
I all my money in the sales.
2. I forgot to do my homework and now my teacher is angry with me. remembered
If only my homework.
3. Fiona didn’t follow the diet, that’s why she didn’t lose weight. followed
If the diet, she would have lost weight.
4. I don’t want you to go out alone at night. did
I’d rather alone at night.
5. It’s a shame we can’t go swimming today. go
I wish today.
6. Ibrahim called a technician to repair the washing machine. repaired
Ibrahim by a technician.
7. You should arrange for someone to deliver the furniture on Saturday. have
You the furniture on Saturday.
8. I persuaded my brother to give me a lift to work. got
I me a lift to work.
Alex Weston used to work as a lawyer in a busy London firm but he was not happy there. Most days he just (1)
enthusiasm for his job and wished he (2) somewhere else. Then tragedy struck, his father died unexpectedly and
this left him feeling a great loss. It looked as (3) things could not get any worse. It was through dealing with his
grief that Alex realised he had to make some (4) changes in his life. So, he started by quitting his job and taking a
(5) year to travel around South America. While visiting little villages in Argentina, Alex started writing. At first, it
was just a journal about his travels but then a story started to develop and he soon realised that he was writing a novel. He
was taken (6) surprise, as he had never written
anything before. He sent the completed manuscript to
some publishers and then returned to London. Alex was
tickled (7) when, a few months later, he received
a letter from a publisher who had (8) an interest
in his novel. They not only liked his book but they also
wanted him to write another one! Now Alex spends his
days doing something that he loves. Life is much more
satisfying, and each day seems full of possibilities.
C. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b or c best fits each gap.
E. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not
change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
D. Read the text below and complete the gaps. Use only one word in each gap.
A change for the better...
Turning your life around
1. a. lacked b. catered c. missed
2. a. is b. has been c. could be
3. a. although b. if c. soon
4. a. drastic b. extensive c. familiar
5. a. blank b. break c. gap
6. a. with b. by c. of
7. a. pink b. red c. green
8. a. set b. taken c. put
111
Now I can...
distinguish the difference in meaning
of words easily confused
use adjectives + prepositions
use expressions with take
use idioms with colours
use collocations with put and set
use Conditional Sentences Type 3
use the Unreal Past to refer to the
present and the past
skim a text to identify its main idea
scan a text to locate specific information
understand details in a text
understand the necessary information
in a short spoken text
understand specific information in a
radio interview and complete gapped
sentences
talk about shopping and life in the city/
country
speculate about the role of the media
and express my opinion
write a semi-formal letter based on
prompts
write an essay discussing a problem and
suggesting solutions
WRITING SPEAKING LISTENING READING GRAMMAR VOCABULARY
Read the following and tick the appropriate boxes. For
the points you are unsure of, refer back to the relevant
sections in the module.
LISTENING SELF-ASSESSMENT
You will hear people talking in seven different
situations. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer
a, b or c.
1. You hear a man talking on the radio. What does he feel
is the best way to reduce stress?
a. taking pills
b. finding time to relax
c. going to the doctor
2. You hear two men talking. What is John’s opinion of
the place he visited?
a. It’s unusual but interesting.
b. It’s ugly.
c. It’s worth visiting again.
3. You hear a man talking. What does he think about city
life?
a. He enjoys it now.
b. He still finds it very annoying.
c. He prefers a small town.
4. You hear a man talking. What is he?
a. a football coach
b. a PE teacher at a school
c. a physical trainer at a gym
5. You hear two men talking. Why did Kevin decide to
start riding his bike to work?
a. He wanted to help protect the environment.
b. He wanted to exercise.
c. He wanted to avoid traffic.
6. You hear a man talking. What does he say people
should do in places where recycling is not possible?
a. reuse plastic bags
b. reconsider their options
c. get authorities to provide recycling bins
7. You hear two men talking. What did they think of the
museum?
a. They really liked it.
b. They didn’t like it at all.
c. They found some things interesting.
112
Which place in the world would you most like
to visit? Why?
Where did you have the most unforgettable
holiday of your life? What did you do there?
Discuss:
an extract from a novel set in North America
an incredible story set in an airport
information about the history of an exotic
place in Saudi Arabia
a brochure about a ski resort in Dubai
an interview with someone who has been on a
trekking holiday in South America
information about a town in Saudi Arabia
an article about Ad-Diriyah
Flick through the module and find...
talk about places and holidays
learn how to use appropriate tenses to talk
about past events and situations
learn adjectives and adverbs which are useful
for describing and narrating
learn how to write an article about a place and
a story
speculate about problems, express your opinion
and suggest solutions
acquire skills and strategies that will help you in
exams
In this module you will...
Growing populations in cities, along with people’s
need to commute longer distances for work or
leisure, have led to a great increase in the number
of cars on the roads. As a result, automobile
accidents have also become more common. Most
people would agree that this is a serious problem
today and that measures must be taken to change
this situation.
There are many factors that may contribute to
the occurrence of automobile accidents, such as
the bad construction of roads or unfavourable
weather conditions. However, the one factor that
contributes regardless of any others is careless
or reckless driving. It is not uncommon today for
us to witness instances of this: impatient drivers
exceeding the speed limit, violating traffic lights
or overtaking in narrow streets are just a few
examples. It is evident that, in order to change
things, we need to reach the drivers themselves.
There are several ways to deal with the problem.
First of all, it would be a good idea to create driver
education classes for young people in order to
make drivers more aware of the importance of
driving carefully as well as the consequences
of driving carelessly. Furthermore, any traffic
violations should be dealt with strictly. For
instance, drivers who make violations could be
fined, and, in the case of repeated violations,
drivers’ licences could be suspended for a period
of time. These measures might stop drivers from
doing something that they might later regret.
Cars are an integral part of our lives today,
and we must learn how to live with them without
endangering our lives and the lives of others.
It is a question of creating informed and
responsible drivers.
108
When you are writing an essay discussing a problem and
suggesting solutions:
describe the problem and give examples.
suggest one or two solutions and explain how they
would help.
use a variety of expressions to make suggestions. For expressions and phrases that you can use,
see Appendix I.
6. WRITING TASK
Write the essay using your ideas above (150-175 words).
5. PLANNING
A. Read the article and the rubric below and underline
the key words in the rubric.
Teens victims of stress
On Friday, 22 March, Professor Carl Willoughby will
be speaking at the Claremont Community Centre
on the topic of Teens and Stress. Increasing numbers
of teenagers are reported to be suffering from stress,
a fact which is worrying parents and teachers alike.
Ways of coping with stress will be discussed and
parents and children are invited to take part in the
discussion that will follow.
B. Identify the problem you are asked to write about
and complete the boxes.
4. OUTLINE
When you are writing an essay discussing a problem
and suggesting solutions, follow the outline below.
INTRODUCTION
• Introduce the topic of the essay.
MAIN PART
• Describe the problem or explain what causes
the problem.
• Suggest solutions to the problem and give
examples.
CONCLUSION
• suggestions.
Close with a general comment on your
3. BRAINSTORMING
Look at the problems below. Think of what causes
these problems, how they can be solved and give any
specific examples you can think of.
Problem
Cause
Solution
Examples
Problem
People today have unhealthy eating habits.
Cause
Solution
Examples
Problem
There are many homeless people in big cities.
Cause
Solution
Examples
Teenagers today often complain that the demands of
schoolwork and examinations are a source of great stress and
anxiety for them. Discuss the problem and offer solutions
that would help young people cope with stress. Support your
views with examples.
109
round-up
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately
completes the sentence.
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. The company is taking measures to cut down
on its costs.
a. drastic
b. ordinary
c. complimentary
d. traditional
2. This restaurant specialises in French .
a. cuisine
b. kitchen
c. cooker
d. chefs
3. I don’t think Eric likes me. He must be jealous
my success.
a. about
b. for
c. of
d. with
4. There was something about the man.
a. common
b. familiar
c. cosy
d. popular
5. We were all having dinner when Greg turned up out of
the .
a. red
b. green
c. white
d. blue
6. The moment I eyes on the car, I knew I had to
buy it.
a. set
b. put
c. took
d. got
7. Salim’s painting took my away; it was
beautiful.
a. surprise
b. breath
c. interest
d. notice
8. I was really of myself when I won the short
story competition.
a. proud
b. excited
c. nervous
d. famous
1. I wish I harder when I was at school.
a. study
b. would have studied
c. studied
d. had studied
2. Look at that gorgeous dress! If only I enough
money to buy it.
a. had
b. have
c. could have
d. had had
3. I’d we took the train. I hate buses.
a. wish
b. want
c. rather
d. like
4. I’d rather you John’s camera without asking
him first. He’ll be furious if you do.
a. don’t borrow
b. didn’t borrow
c. haven’t borrowed
d. borrowed
5. I wish we have to leave so early.
a. didn’t
b. hadn’t
c. don’t
d. not
6. I need to have my front door .
a. repair
b. repaired
c. repairing
d. to repair
7. We want to get someone a security system in
our house.
a. install
b. installed
c. to install
d. would install
8. If Ahmed had been more careful, he an
accident.
a. didn’t have
b. wouldn’t have
c. wouldn’t have had
d. hadn’t had
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a
grammatically correct sentence.
110
Sally and Peter Fielding both used to work as teachers in Birmingham. After thirty years, the couple retired
from teaching and moved to France. They were both tired of the stresses (1) modern-day life and wanted to
experience (2) different, so they bought a farmhouse in Provence. The farmhouse is located outside the
picturesque village of Lacoste. It is surrounded (3) several acres of land with olive groves, and with the help of
their friendly neighbours, Sally and Peter have started producing their own olive oil. Their lifestyle is different
(4) what it used to be, but they don’t regret their decision. They are very busy (5) everyday
chores and their days are now spent working mostly on the olive farm. Sally also tends (6) her vegetable
garden where she grows organic produce. They sometimes go into the village of Lacoste to (7) some shopping
or sell their olive oil. Life takes place at a much slower pace, and they find they have time to really enjoy it. If they had
known how much they’d like their new lifestyle, they (8) have moved earlier.
1. I spent all my money in the sales and now I don’t have enough money to pay the bills. wish
I all my money in the sales.
2. I forgot to do my homework and now my teacher is angry with me. remembered
If only my homework.
3. Fiona didn’t follow the diet, that’s why she didn’t lose weight. followed
If the diet, she would have lost weight.
4. I don’t want you to go out alone at night. did
I’d rather alone at night.
5. It’s a shame we can’t go swimming today. go
I wish today.
6. Ibrahim called a technician to repair the washing machine. repaired
Ibrahim by a technician.
7. You should arrange for someone to deliver the furniture on Saturday. have
You the furniture on Saturday.
8. I persuaded my brother to give me a lift to work. got
I me a lift to work.
Alex Weston used to work as a lawyer in a busy London firm but he was not happy there. Most days he just (1)
enthusiasm for his job and wished he (2) somewhere else. Then tragedy struck, his father died unexpectedly and
this left him feeling a great loss. It looked as (3) things could not get any worse. It was through dealing with his
grief that Alex realised he had to make some (4) changes in his life. So, he started by quitting his job and taking a
(5) year to travel around South America. While visiting little villages in Argentina, Alex started writing. At first, it
was just a journal about his travels but then a story started to develop and he soon realised that he was writing a novel. He
was taken (6) surprise, as he had never written
anything before. He sent the completed manuscript to
some publishers and then returned to London. Alex was
tickled (7) when, a few months later, he received
a letter from a publisher who had (8) an interest
in his novel. They not only liked his book but they also
wanted him to write another one! Now Alex spends his
days doing something that he loves. Life is much more
satisfying, and each day seems full of possibilities.
C. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b or c best fits each gap.
E. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not
change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
D. Read the text below and complete the gaps. Use only one word in each gap.
A change for the better...
Turning your life around
1. a. lacked b. catered c. missed
2. a. is b. has been c. could be
3. a. although b. if c. soon
4. a. drastic b. extensive c. familiar
5. a. blank b. break c. gap
6. a. with b. by c. of
7. a. pink b. red c. green
8. a. set b. taken c. put
111
Now I can...
distinguish the difference in meaning
of words easily confused
use adjectives + prepositions
use expressions with take
use idioms with colours
use collocations with put and set
use Conditional Sentences Type 3
use the Unreal Past to refer to the
present and the past
skim a text to identify its main idea
scan a text to locate specific information
understand details in a text
understand the necessary information
in a short spoken text
understand specific information in a
radio interview and complete gapped
sentences
talk about shopping and life in the city/
country
speculate about the role of the media
and express my opinion
write a semi-formal letter based on
prompts
write an essay discussing a problem and
suggesting solutions
WRITING SPEAKING LISTENING READING GRAMMAR VOCABULARY
Read the following and tick the appropriate boxes. For
the points you are unsure of, refer back to the relevant
sections in the module.
LISTENING SELF-ASSESSMENT
You will hear people talking in seven different
situations. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer
a, b or c.
1. You hear a man talking on the radio. What does he feel
is the best way to reduce stress?
a. taking pills
b. finding time to relax
c. going to the doctor
2. You hear two men talking. What is John’s opinion of
the place he visited?
a. It’s unusual but interesting.
b. It’s ugly.
c. It’s worth visiting again.
3. You hear a man talking. What does he think about city
life?
a. He enjoys it now.
b. He still finds it very annoying.
c. He prefers a small town.
4. You hear a man talking. What is he?
a. a football coach
b. a PE teacher at a school
c. a physical trainer at a gym
5. You hear two men talking. Why did Kevin decide to
start riding his bike to work?
a. He wanted to help protect the environment.
b. He wanted to exercise.
c. He wanted to avoid traffic.
6. You hear a man talking. What does he say people
should do in places where recycling is not possible?
a. reuse plastic bags
b. reconsider their options
c. get authorities to provide recycling bins
7. You hear two men talking. What did they think of the
museum?
a. They really liked it.
b. They didn’t like it at all.
c. They found some things interesting.
112
Which place in the world would you most like
to visit? Why?
Where did you have the most unforgettable
holiday of your life? What did you do there?
Discuss:
an extract from a novel set in North America
an incredible story set in an airport
information about the history of an exotic
place in Saudi Arabia
a brochure about a ski resort in Dubai
an interview with someone who has been on a
trekking holiday in South America
information about a town in Saudi Arabia
an article about Ad-Diriyah
Flick through the module and find...
talk about places and holidays
learn how to use appropriate tenses to talk
about past events and situations
learn adjectives and adverbs which are useful
for describing and narrating
learn how to write an article about a place and
a story
speculate about problems, express your opinion
and suggest solutions
acquire skills and strategies that will help you in
exams
In this module you will...
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