Review Exercise
1. the young man sent Mary a dozen roses Before their date
NP MVP NP NP ADVP
past + send
2. A stranger paid our dinner bill because Jill had forgotten her wallet
NP MVP NP ADVP
past + pay
3. Our youngest son hit the ball into the neighbor’s yard
NP MVP NP ADVP
past + hit
4. the play seemed sure of success After opening night
NP MVP ADJP ADVP
past + seem
5. The children should be home by twelve on Saturday afternoon.
NP MVP ADVP ADVP ADVP
present + MODAL(should) + be
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–29
6. students study diligently during the last week of classes Sometimes
NP MVP ADVP ADVP ADVP
present + study
7. people consider Ophelia the prettier sister Generally
NP MVP NP NP ADVP
present + consider
CHAPTER 7 – FIVE BASIC SENTENCE TYPES
Exercise 7.1
This is a good exercise for class discussion. You might have students collect answers and categorize
them into groups. We suggest below the alternatives we have thought of. If two phrases appear on one
line, both seem to us to be required.
Exercise 7.2
Doing this exe rcise in class provides an opport u n i ty to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern .
1. Subject Predicate
Jack stands on that corner every morning
NP MVP ADVP ADVP
Type 1
2. Subject Predicate
Jennifer is polite to old people always
NP MVP ADJP ADVP ADVP
Not Type 1
1. angry (ADJP)
a liar (NP)
at school (ADVP)
2. forcefully (ADVP)
a bystander (NP)
3. happy (ADJP)
a nuisance (NP)
at home (ADVP)
4. the consequences (NP)
football (NP) exciting (ADJP)
football (NP) good exercise (NP)
5. the golfers (NP)
6. No complement required.
7. salty (ADJP)
8. cereal (NP)
9. the street (NP)
carefully (ADVP)
10. beautiful (ADJP)
to the future (ADVP)
EX–30 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
3. Subject Predicate
The children baked a cake for their grandfather’s birthday
NP MVP NP ADVP
Not Type 1
4. Subject Predicate
a swallow built its nest under my roof Last spring
NP MVP NP ADVP ADVP
Not Type 1
5. Subject Predicate
Inexperienced campers have drowned in that shallow lake
NP MVP ADVP
Type 1
6. Subject Predicate
Jill waited anxiously for her children During the storm
NP MVP ADVP ADVP ADVP
Type 1
7. Subject Predicate
The explosion released deadly gas into the atmosphere
NP MVP NP ADVP
Not Type 1
Exercise 7.3
1. 2.
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–31
3. 4.
Exercise 7.4
1
2.
3.
EX–32 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
4.
Exercise 7.5
1. well (Type I, adverbial modifier)
2. jealous (Type III, adjectival complement)
3. delicious (Type III, adjectival complement)
4. quietly (Type I, adverbial modifier)
5. terrible (Type III, adjectival complement)
Exercise 7.6
1.
2.
4.
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–33
4.
Exercise 7.7
1. The frog [NP1] became [MVP] a prince [NP1] before the astonished audience [ADVP].
2. My great grandmother [NP1] gave [MVP] my aunt [NP2]a beautiful coral ring [NP3].
3 . A hike into the hills [N P1] seemed [M V P] the perfect exe rcise [N P1] after our hearty lunch [A DV P] .
4. The Mona Lisa [NP1] is [MVP] Leonardo's most famous work [NP1] probably [ADVP].
5 . The tra velers [N P1] requested [M V P] a com f o rtable bed [N P2] a fter their long day of driving [A DV P] .
Exercise 7.8
1.
2.
3.
EX–34 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
4.
Exercise 7.9
Doing this exe rcise in class provides an opport u n i ty to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern .
1. Subject Predicate
This software was the best accounting program at one time
NP MVP NP ADVP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + (ADVPtime)
2. Subject Predicate
That paint looks too dark for this room
NP MVP ADJP
SIII = NP + MVlink + ADJP
3. Subject Predicate
The highway turns along the river towards the coast
NP MVP ADVP ADVP
SI = NP + MVint + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace)
4. Subject Predicate
The fruit trees lay dormant all winter
NP MVP ADJP ADVP
SIII = NP + MVlink + ADJP + (ADVPtime)
5. Subject Predicate
A Nile River Cruise has been James's dream for the past ten years
NP MVP NP ADVP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + (ADVPtime)
Exercise 7.10
1. Type I verbs can stand alone without any complement.
2. Outdoors is a complement required by the verb in (b); it is an optional modifier in (e).
3. Type III complements are adjectival; Type V complements are nominal.
4. In (d), the second noun phrase (a family member) refers to the subject (cat), but in (e), the second
noun phrase (a cat) does not refer to the subject.
5. The presence of a second noun phrase that names something new distinguishes Type V sentences.
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–35
Exercise 7.11
Direct objects are in parentheses.
1. Subject Predicate
The jeweler repaired (our ring)
NP MVP NP
SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2
2. Subject Predicate
Bob became a model for his teammates
NP MVP NP ADVP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + ADVP
3. Subject Predicate
Our first glimpse of the sea was a breath taking view
NP MVP NP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1
4. Subject Predicate
The innkeeper suggested (a nearby Italian restaurant )
NP MVP NP
SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2
5. Subject Predicate
A cleaning service seems a frivolous expense nowadays
NP MVP NP ADVP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + ADVP
Exercise 7.12
1.
2.
EX–36 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
3.
4.
5.
Exercise 7.13
This exercise works best as part of class discussion. Examples are suggested here for comparison with
students’ answers.
1. useful (ADJP)
a challenge (NP)
2. foolish (ADJP)
a fool (NP)
3. hot (ADJP)
4. man of the year (NP)
5. comfortable (ADJP)
a showplace (NP)
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–37
Exercise 7.14
1. Type V – hot [adjectival object complement]
2. Type V – queen [nominal object complement]
3. Type V – too delicious for words [adjectival object complement]
4. Type I – No object complement.
5. Type V – company attorney [nominal object complement]
6. Type V – smarter than Marylou [adjectival object complement]
Exercise 7.15
1. The magnificent twenty-five-pound Thanksgiving Turkey that Ina had roasted with loving care
NP
slipped from the meat platter onto the floor
MVP ADVP ADVP
before all the assembled guests.
ADVP
SI = NP + MVint + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace)
2. Lights from the country inn, almost hidden in a grove of trees,
NP
welcomed the weary travelers, who hoped to spend the night there.
MVP NP
SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2
3. The old oak tree with an enormous lightning scar running down its northern side
NP
appears healthier than many of the unscarred trees in the same area.
MVP ADJP
SIII = NP + MVlink + ADJP
4. Mary’s math professor, who had refused to offer a make-up of the mid-term exam,
NP
relented finally when half the school came down with bronchitis.
MVP ADVP ADVP
SI = NP + MVint + (ADVPtm) + (ADVPtm)
5. Many of this countr y’s poorest immigrants have become
NP MVP
extremely successful citizens whose contributions to the nation have benefitted us all.
NP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1
EX–38 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
Exercise 7.16
Here are two examples of how students might investigate the possible uses of each verb.
grow
I The child grew.
II –
III The child grew strong.
I V *The child grew a man. (Gro w ca n’t replace become in Type IV sentences like The child became a man. )
V The child grew marigolds.
read
I That romantic novel reads quickly. (But in prototypical Type I sentences, adverbial modifiers are
optional. Quickly doesn’t seem to be optional: ?That romantic novel reads.)
Bill reads incessantly. (Although incessantly does seem to be optional, the meaning of read seems to
require the presence of at least an understood object: one can’t read without something to read. In
this use, read is one of the pseudo-intransitives discussed earlier.)
II –
III *Bill reads happy/strong/tall.
IV *Bill [NP1] read a successful investor [NP1].
V Bill reads mystery novels.
1. the young man sent Mary a dozen roses Before their date
NP MVP NP NP ADVP
past + send
2. A stranger paid our dinner bill because Jill had forgotten her wallet
NP MVP NP ADVP
past + pay
3. Our youngest son hit the ball into the neighbor’s yard
NP MVP NP ADVP
past + hit
4. the play seemed sure of success After opening night
NP MVP ADJP ADVP
past + seem
5. The children should be home by twelve on Saturday afternoon.
NP MVP ADVP ADVP ADVP
present + MODAL(should) + be
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–29
6. students study diligently during the last week of classes Sometimes
NP MVP ADVP ADVP ADVP
present + study
7. people consider Ophelia the prettier sister Generally
NP MVP NP NP ADVP
present + consider
CHAPTER 7 – FIVE BASIC SENTENCE TYPES
Exercise 7.1
This is a good exercise for class discussion. You might have students collect answers and categorize
them into groups. We suggest below the alternatives we have thought of. If two phrases appear on one
line, both seem to us to be required.
Exercise 7.2
Doing this exe rcise in class provides an opport u n i ty to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern .
1. Subject Predicate
Jack stands on that corner every morning
NP MVP ADVP ADVP
Type 1
2. Subject Predicate
Jennifer is polite to old people always
NP MVP ADJP ADVP ADVP
Not Type 1
1. angry (ADJP)
a liar (NP)
at school (ADVP)
2. forcefully (ADVP)
a bystander (NP)
3. happy (ADJP)
a nuisance (NP)
at home (ADVP)
4. the consequences (NP)
football (NP) exciting (ADJP)
football (NP) good exercise (NP)
5. the golfers (NP)
6. No complement required.
7. salty (ADJP)
8. cereal (NP)
9. the street (NP)
carefully (ADVP)
10. beautiful (ADJP)
to the future (ADVP)
EX–30 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
3. Subject Predicate
The children baked a cake for their grandfather’s birthday
NP MVP NP ADVP
Not Type 1
4. Subject Predicate
a swallow built its nest under my roof Last spring
NP MVP NP ADVP ADVP
Not Type 1
5. Subject Predicate
Inexperienced campers have drowned in that shallow lake
NP MVP ADVP
Type 1
6. Subject Predicate
Jill waited anxiously for her children During the storm
NP MVP ADVP ADVP ADVP
Type 1
7. Subject Predicate
The explosion released deadly gas into the atmosphere
NP MVP NP ADVP
Not Type 1
Exercise 7.3
1. 2.
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–31
3. 4.
Exercise 7.4
1
2.
3.
EX–32 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
4.
Exercise 7.5
1. well (Type I, adverbial modifier)
2. jealous (Type III, adjectival complement)
3. delicious (Type III, adjectival complement)
4. quietly (Type I, adverbial modifier)
5. terrible (Type III, adjectival complement)
Exercise 7.6
1.
2.
4.
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–33
4.
Exercise 7.7
1. The frog [NP1] became [MVP] a prince [NP1] before the astonished audience [ADVP].
2. My great grandmother [NP1] gave [MVP] my aunt [NP2]a beautiful coral ring [NP3].
3 . A hike into the hills [N P1] seemed [M V P] the perfect exe rcise [N P1] after our hearty lunch [A DV P] .
4. The Mona Lisa [NP1] is [MVP] Leonardo's most famous work [NP1] probably [ADVP].
5 . The tra velers [N P1] requested [M V P] a com f o rtable bed [N P2] a fter their long day of driving [A DV P] .
Exercise 7.8
1.
2.
3.
EX–34 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
4.
Exercise 7.9
Doing this exe rcise in class provides an opport u n i ty to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern .
1. Subject Predicate
This software was the best accounting program at one time
NP MVP NP ADVP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + (ADVPtime)
2. Subject Predicate
That paint looks too dark for this room
NP MVP ADJP
SIII = NP + MVlink + ADJP
3. Subject Predicate
The highway turns along the river towards the coast
NP MVP ADVP ADVP
SI = NP + MVint + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace)
4. Subject Predicate
The fruit trees lay dormant all winter
NP MVP ADJP ADVP
SIII = NP + MVlink + ADJP + (ADVPtime)
5. Subject Predicate
A Nile River Cruise has been James's dream for the past ten years
NP MVP NP ADVP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + (ADVPtime)
Exercise 7.10
1. Type I verbs can stand alone without any complement.
2. Outdoors is a complement required by the verb in (b); it is an optional modifier in (e).
3. Type III complements are adjectival; Type V complements are nominal.
4. In (d), the second noun phrase (a family member) refers to the subject (cat), but in (e), the second
noun phrase (a cat) does not refer to the subject.
5. The presence of a second noun phrase that names something new distinguishes Type V sentences.
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–35
Exercise 7.11
Direct objects are in parentheses.
1. Subject Predicate
The jeweler repaired (our ring)
NP MVP NP
SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2
2. Subject Predicate
Bob became a model for his teammates
NP MVP NP ADVP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + ADVP
3. Subject Predicate
Our first glimpse of the sea was a breath taking view
NP MVP NP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1
4. Subject Predicate
The innkeeper suggested (a nearby Italian restaurant )
NP MVP NP
SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2
5. Subject Predicate
A cleaning service seems a frivolous expense nowadays
NP MVP NP ADVP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + ADVP
Exercise 7.12
1.
2.
EX–36 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
3.
4.
5.
Exercise 7.13
This exercise works best as part of class discussion. Examples are suggested here for comparison with
students’ answers.
1. useful (ADJP)
a challenge (NP)
2. foolish (ADJP)
a fool (NP)
3. hot (ADJP)
4. man of the year (NP)
5. comfortable (ADJP)
a showplace (NP)
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–37
Exercise 7.14
1. Type V – hot [adjectival object complement]
2. Type V – queen [nominal object complement]
3. Type V – too delicious for words [adjectival object complement]
4. Type I – No object complement.
5. Type V – company attorney [nominal object complement]
6. Type V – smarter than Marylou [adjectival object complement]
Exercise 7.15
1. The magnificent twenty-five-pound Thanksgiving Turkey that Ina had roasted with loving care
NP
slipped from the meat platter onto the floor
MVP ADVP ADVP
before all the assembled guests.
ADVP
SI = NP + MVint + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace)
2. Lights from the country inn, almost hidden in a grove of trees,
NP
welcomed the weary travelers, who hoped to spend the night there.
MVP NP
SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP2
3. The old oak tree with an enormous lightning scar running down its northern side
NP
appears healthier than many of the unscarred trees in the same area.
MVP ADJP
SIII = NP + MVlink + ADJP
4. Mary’s math professor, who had refused to offer a make-up of the mid-term exam,
NP
relented finally when half the school came down with bronchitis.
MVP ADVP ADVP
SI = NP + MVint + (ADVPtm) + (ADVPtm)
5. Many of this countr y’s poorest immigrants have become
NP MVP
extremely successful citizens whose contributions to the nation have benefitted us all.
NP
SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1
EX–38 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
Exercise 7.16
Here are two examples of how students might investigate the possible uses of each verb.
grow
I The child grew.
II –
III The child grew strong.
I V *The child grew a man. (Gro w ca n’t replace become in Type IV sentences like The child became a man. )
V The child grew marigolds.
read
I That romantic novel reads quickly. (But in prototypical Type I sentences, adverbial modifiers are
optional. Quickly doesn’t seem to be optional: ?That romantic novel reads.)
Bill reads incessantly. (Although incessantly does seem to be optional, the meaning of read seems to
require the presence of at least an understood object: one can’t read without something to read. In
this use, read is one of the pseudo-intransitives discussed earlier.)
II –
III *Bill reads happy/strong/tall.
IV *Bill [NP1] read a successful investor [NP1].
V Bill reads mystery novels.
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