south america countries
The vast geographic area in Central and South America is (1) the
Maya civilisation, (2) was one of the greatest in world history,
can be found. The reason (3) it collapsed is still unknown and
researchers have not reached a final conclusion yet. The only thing they know is that there
was a period (4) the civilisation started to decline. The large cities,
(5) in previous years had large populations, were abandoned.
There are various theories explaining the reasons (6) this decline started. Some scientists
(7) have done extensive research on the Maya civilisation give ‘ecological explanations’. They
refer to a 200-year drought (8) led to the collapse of the civilisation. Some others believe an
epidemic was the main reason for the reduction of the population, a theory (9) is still unproven
as well. One of the most remarkable aspects of the Maya culture is the language, (10) is the only
known fully developed linguistic system of the Pre-Columbian Americas. Combining phonetic symbols and logograms,
the resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs is obvious – only superficially though. The contribution of the Maya
civilisation to the arts and architecture is evident in their awe-inspiring pyramids. The impressive Tikal pyramids reveal
only part of the secrets of the Mayan culture, (11) still remain well-hidden.
50
GRA MMAR
B. Rewrite the sentences below using a participle clause.
vocabulary
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
1. What was the reason for the young pharaoh’s death?
a. timeless b. untimely c. untimed d. timelessly
2. Mr Nasser is a(n) lawyer.
a. extinguished b. relinquished c. vanquished d. distinguished
3. The soldier died as a result of a on the head.
a. trap b. curse c. tomb d. blow
4. These silver statues were found in the ruins of an ancient city, and they are remarkably .
a. preserved b. reserved c. conserved d. deserved
5. The archaeologists involved in the excavations were not allowed to any information regarding
the daily finds.
a. transform b. transport c. transmit d. transfer
6. At first I was worried about the weather, but apart from a deep of thunder, it was quite hot with
no rain.
a. ramble b. rumble c. rubble d. rabble
7. My grandfather stongly believes it is his duty to his wisdom to his children and grandchildren.
a. dispel b. dispense c. disperse d. displease
8. Although our house was structurally after the earthquake, at first we did not feel safe enough to
stay in it.
a. fatal b. visible c. intact d. aware
1. Because he was pleased with his students’ artwork, he decided to display it at the forthcoming exhibition.
2. The British Archaeological Association, which was founded in 1843, aims at promoting the study of archaeology and the
preservation of Britain’s national antiquities.
3. The Statue of Liberty stands on Liberty Island in New York and was a gift to the United States from the people of France.
4. The new Museum of Natural History, which is located approximately 200 yards from the original museum, was
constructed in 1993.
5. We took the wrong path and found ourselves standing in front of a lake.
6. When we entered the pyramid, a feeling of awe and fear came over everyone.
7. As we knew that the cave wouldn’t be deeper in the forest, we decided to continue the exploration.
8. We didn’t intend to disturb the students who were studying in the library, so we left immediately.
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A. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words from the box. There are two extra words which you
do not need to use.
EXAMINATION PRAC TICE
B. Read the text and decide which answer a, b, c or d best fits each gap.
enrich content share gallery invigorate sense exhibit pleasure
1. The explorer felt fresh and after walking up the mountain at dawn.
2. Taking part in voluntary work not only helps people in need, but it also our lives.
3. Hussein found the training very difficult but he felt an enormous of achievement when he
received the qualification.
4. The burglars got away with the most expensive from the museum.
5. Fatima liked school but she felt most when she was at home with her family.
6. Visitors to the art were surprised when they discovered entrance was free.
vocabulary
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