strange hobbies
Josh Lemming has a very strange hobby. He
collects aeroplane, bus and train tickets from
every place he has ever travelled to. So far, he
has over 1000 tickets. He arranges them in photo
albums according to date, type and country.
‘When I mention my collection,’ says Josh, ‘most
people respond, “You can’t be serious.” But once
they see my albums, they realise I’m actually
pretty serious. I’m a photographer, so I travel a
lot. I’ve been to over 50 countries.’
Josh began collecting his tickets about 10 years
ago. ‘It may seem a little crazy, but one day, as I
was getting off a bus in Madrid, Spain, I decided
to keep my bus ticket, instead of throwing it away.
After that, I never threw away another ticket.’
She is an avid stamp collector, and has
stamps dating back to the early 1900s. ‘After
seeing the way she organised her stamps, I decided
to organise my tickets in a similar manner. Mine
were just in plastic bags. My mother gave me a
bunch of albums as a gift, and I sorted through
the plastic bags. It must have taken me about a
month to organise them all. But now, it’s a lot
easier to look through my tickets.’
him and requested an interview, as well as a
viewing of his collection. ‘I was really surprised to
learn that the local newspaper was interested in
After the newspaper published an article on
Josh called ‘The Ticket Collector’, more and more
Josh’s collection to be a great way to keep a
record of all the places I’ve been to. After seeing
it, I decided to start saving my tickets, though I
definitely don’t travel as much as he does. It might
actually make me start travelling more!’
doing something that was meaningful to me. But
now I’m used to it. Plus, in a way, I’m proud of my
collection. It represents a lot of hard work.’
Josh continues to collect his travel tickets.
I plan on going to a lot more matches, believe me.’
He has already begun organising the tickets in
albums, which were, again, a gift from his mum.
collected. Hopefully, they’ll appreciate it - after all,
it seems like collecting runs in the family.’
1
Josh has become well-known in his hometown
of Newcastle, Australia. Then, a local
newspaper reporter heard about Josh. He called
2
people began contacting Josh in order to view his
collection. Mark Newton, a local resident,
started collecting his own travel tickets. ‘I found
3
‘It was kind of strange,’ he explains. ‘All of
a sudden I was getting all this attention simply for
4
However, he has started a new collection - football
match tickets. ‘So far, I only have about 65
tickets,’ Josh says, ‘but that’s only one year’s worth.
5
‘One day, I hope to sit down with my
children and show them all the things I have
6
my collection. But then again, I guess people like
hearing a about peculiar things.’
5. POST-READING
• What is your opinion about Josh’s collection?
• Do you think that the interest that other people show in
Josh’s collection is justified?
• Would you be interested in starting a similar collection?
Why / Why not?
Discuss.
49
3b vocabulary & grammar
Use the words in the boxes to complete the sentences.
VOCABULARY
1. WORDS EASILY CONFUSED
1. Don’t forget to buy your for the match!
2. It’s better to take the bus if you can’t afford the taxi
.
3. There is a smell in the kitchen.
4. Students have to study one language and
can choose either French or Spanish.
5. Did he what time he would be home?
6. If your passport is stolen, you should it to
the police.
7. We’re going to the bus at the next stop.
8. I can’t wait to this car!
9. The two books were so , I felt like I had
read the same book twice.
10. Ted and Fred are twins and they look
exactly alike.
GRAMMAR
A. Look at the extracts from the text on page 49
and choose which of the statements a or b is the
closest in meaning.
1. It may seem a little crazy...
a. Perhaps it’s crazy.
b. It’s certainly crazy.
2. It might actually make me start travelling more.
a. It’s possible to happen in the future.
b. It has possibly happened.
1. EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY
(MAY - MIGHT - COULD)
B. Now read the sentences below. Which of them
means that the action possibly happened in
the past and which means that the action was
possible in the past but didn’t happen?
strange foreign
mention report
get off get out of
similar identical
ticket fare
Use the collective nouns in the box to form collocations.
In some cases more than one noun may be correct.
2. COLLECTIVE NOUNS
1. a of flowers
2. a of tools
3. a of books
4. a of business cards
5. a of rules
6. a of boxes
7. a of grapes
8. a of wolves
9. a of keys
10. a of furniture
bunch pack set pile
A. Look at the following adjectives with prepositions. Which
of them have a positive and which a negative meaning?
3. ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
interested in proud of bored with
sick of keen on fond of
disgusted by crazy about tired of
fed up with i mpressed by/with
B. Complete the sentences below to make true statements
about yourself.
1. I’m very keen ...
2. My dad is proud ...
3. When I was younger, I was bored ...
4. My best friend is crazy ...
5. Most of my friends are interested ...
• Use may/might/could + base form to express
possibility in the present or future.
• Use may/might + have + past participle to
express possibility in the past.
• Use could + have + past participle to express
possibility in the past which was not fulfilled.
3. Josh could have thrown away his bus ticket in
Madrid but he decided to keep it.
4. Mark might have been to some of the places Josh has
travelled to.
C. Match the examples 1-4 above with the rules.
A. Look at the extracts from the text on page 49
and choose which of the statements a or b is the
closest in meaning.
1. You can’t be serious.
a. You aren’t able to be serious.
b. Surely, you aren’t serious.
2. It must have taken me about a month to organise them
all.
a. I believe it took me about a month to organise them all.
b. I had to work for a month to organise them all.
2. MAKING DEDUCTIONS (MUST – CAN’T)
B. Now read the sentences below and compare them
with the examples above. What’s the difference
between can’t be and can’t have been? What
about must take and must have taken?
• Use must + base form to express certainty that
something is true.
• Use can’t + base form to express belief that
something is impossible.
• Use must + have + past participle to express
certainty that something happened in the past.
• Use can’t/couldn’t + have + past participle to
express certainty that something didn’t happen.
3. When Josh said that one of his bus tickets cost $10,000,
he can’t have been serious.
4. It must take at least 15 hours to fly from Australia to
Spain.
C. Match the examples 1-4 above with the rules.
Grammar Reference p. 136.
50
Read the texts below and circle the correct words.
3. PRACTICE
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
ENGLISH IN USE
I wanted to do something useful on my summer holiday so I
volunteered at a local Turtle Rescue and Conservation Centre.
My supervisor, Steve, told me that conservation work requires a lot
of energy and patience. He (6) can‛t be / must be right, because
I‛ve only been doing it for a week and I‛m completely exhausted!
Yesterday I got up at dawn to help with the morning survey. This
involves walking along the beach and checking the nests where
turtle s lay their eggs. The survey lasted into the heat of the day
and, at one point, I (7) must have looked / couldn‛t have looked
like I was about to faint because Steve told me to go and take a
break. This morning I helped to rescue a turtle, which
(8) must injure / must have injured its back flipper in the sea.
I think a speedboat (9) might have knocked / couldn‛t have
knocked against it. We found it on the beach and transported it
back to the Rescue Centre where it was treated immediately.
The vet said the turtle was lucky. It (10) could have lost /
must have lost its back flipper if we hadn‛t found it in time. At
that moment, I felt that all the hard work was worth it.
1. Naif is a(n) reader; he loves reading all kinds of books.
a. avid b. peculiar c. proud d. interested
2. I think Mum will really the flowers we bought her.
a. respond b. appreciate c. request d. sort
3. If you don’t validate your , you will be charged a fine.
a. fare b. album c. ticket d. stamp
4. Fiona is really interested learning foreign languages.
a. in b. for c. of d. by
5. John gave his sister a of roses when she graduated.
a. pile b. set c. pack d. bunch
6. Andrew has been trying to learn how to drive for two years; he is really taking lessons.
a. crazy about b. fed up with c. impressed by d. fond of
7. Bander the fastest runner in our school; he has beaten everyone in the 400 metre race for two years in a row.
a. might be b. can be c. may be d. must be
8. The children the window; they were playing football in the garden this morning.
a. must have broken b. can have broken c. must break d. could break
9. You Ted at the mall yesterday; he’s away on business.
a. mustn’t have seen b. couldn’t have seen c. may have seen d. couldn’t see
10. Charlie serious about wanting to bungee jump off the bridge!
a. mustn’t be b. can’t have c. can’t be d. mustn’t have
My friend Ben (1) can’t be / must be the
most adventurous person I know. Last week
he came back from a rock climbing trip and
said he had a great time. Whenever I ask
him what his plans for the weekend are, his
answer is something like, ‘Oh, I (2) mustn’t
/ might go to Lost River Cave to explore it’,
or ‘I (3) might / can’t go rafting with my
cousin’. When I tell him that these hobbies
of his are very dangerous and that he
(4) could have / could have had a serious
accident one day, he just laughs at me.
He seems to be totally fearless; I know he
(5) mustn’t be / can’t be, I just haven’t
found anything that frightens him yet.
51
listening & speaking
LISTENING
SPEAKING
Discuss.
• Have you ever been to an amusement park or a bazaar? Did you like it? If you haven’t, which of them would you like to go
to, and why?
• In what ways do activities like these help to boost relationships among people who live in a community?
1. PRE-LISTENING
• Do you like going to art galleries? Why / Why not?
2. MULTIPLE MATCHING
You will hear five different people, friends of a man called Jack, giving their views on galleries. Choose from the list
a-f what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.
a. I believe I would not enjoy going to a gallery that exhibits photographs.
b. I was very disappointed with the exhibits at the last gallery I visited.
c. I love art galleries but no longer go because of family responsibilities.
d. I am impressed by the large variety of activities available to those visiting this venue.
e. I enjoy going to galleries and continue to attend with my friend Jack.
f. I believe the gallery is a convenient place when commuting from work to home.
First:
Look at the pictures below and ask your teacher:
• What are the options?
• What are the advantages/disadvantages of each option?
Speaker 1
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Speaker 4
Speaker 5
1. WARM-UP
• Do people in your neighbourhood/community ever do activities together? What kind?
2. CHOOSING BETWEEN OPTIONS
3. FURTHER DISCUSSION
Imagine that you are on a committee of a community organisation in your town. The committee has decided to
organise an event in order to boost community relations. The group has decided on two possible kinds of activities,
but you can only do one. Decide which one you would choose if you were in this situation.
Then:
When you have all the information you need, explain
which option you think would be best, and why. You can
choose one of the options given, or present a plan that you
believe would be better.
OPTION 1 OPTION 2
52
vocabulary & grammar
Read the sentences below and circle the correct answer.
VOCABULARY
WORDS RELATED TO ART GALLERIES
AND MUSEUMS
GRAMMAR
A. Read the extracts from the monologues you
heard in the listening section and circle the
correct words to complete the rules about
question tags.
1. The book wasn’t very good, ?
2. It’s too hot today, ?
3. You’re the new teacher, ?
4. You didn’t break her vase, ?
5. Alex is working in a bank now, ?
6. Mary made this cake, ?
7. You will remember to buy some bread on your way
home, ?
8. Let’s go to a restaurant tonight, ?
9. You go to the gym every day, ?
10. Remember to buy a newspaper, ?
QUESTION TAGS
B. Write an appropriate question tag at the end of
each statement.
You know what I mean, don’t you?
That’s proper culture, isn’t it?
... you don’t have so much spare time, do you?
• Question tags are short questions placed at the
beginning / end of a statement. We use them when
we are not sure of something or when we ask for
confirmation.
• Question tags are formed with the auxiliary / main
verb and a personal pronoun.
• If the statement is positive, the question tag is
positive / negative.
• If the statement is negative, the question tag is
positive / negative.
Grammar Reference p. 136.
1. I enjoy classical / contemporary art because I find
it easier to relate to art that reflects the lifestyle and
surroundings of the present day.
2. The still life / portrait of the artist was so realistic
that when I walked away from it I had a strange
feeling that it was watching me.
3. The side admission / entrance of the museum can be
used by members who wish to avoid queues during
peak summer and holiday periods.
4. The highlight / feature of our visit to the museum
was when we saw the Asian Art Collection.
5. Visitors do not have to pay a(n) admission /
membership fee as entrance is free 361 days a year.
6. The Western European art contribution / collection
found in The National Gallery is one of the largest in
the world.
7. We are looking for a conservator / curator capable of
examining and preserving the valuable works of art
housed in our gallery.
8. The collection of Roman coins is kept in a(n)
artefacts case / display case.
9. The exhibits / exhibitions in the west wing are all
works of art created in the 17th century.
10. The painting has been fully prepared / restored and is
now back on display.
11. The gallery organises various artefacts / workshops
that enable parents and their children to engage in
various creative activities.
12. The artist had been a sailor and for this reason all his
paintings featured landscapes / seascapes.
13. Upon seeing Van Gogh’s Sunflowers from up close
I realised why it was considered a masterpiece /
portrait.
14. The features / artefacts on display are proof of the
unique culture and identity of Sumatra.
15. The National Gallery’s livelihood depends on
tickets / donations, large or small, made by people
like yourself who appreciate art.
16. Audio tours / Tour guides are extremely practical as
they allow you to explore the museum on your own,
but still find out about the exhibits on display.
53
writing
WRITING A REVIEW
1. DISCUSS
• Do you read book reviews in magazines or newspapers? Why/Why not?
• Would a review influence your choice of book to buy?
2. FOCUS ON CONTENT AND ORGANISATION
A. Read the review of a book below. What is the writer’s opinion of the book?
In which paragraph does the writer:
a. state his overall opinion?
b. briefly describe the plot?
c. comment on significant aspects of the book
(style of writing, symbolism, themes, etc)?
d. make a recommendation?
e. give some general information about the book?
B. Read the review again and answer the following questions.
Rudyard Kipling’s timeless novel Captain Courageous was
first published in 1897. It is about a spoilt and arrogant
railroad tycoon’s son, fifteen year-old Harvey Cheyne Jr,
who undergoes a series of trials and adventures that lead to personal
growth and maturation.
Harvey Cheyne Jr finds himself washed overboard while travelling
on a transatlantic steamship. The events that unfold tell of his
seafaring adventures as he is rescued by fishermen and offered
employment on a ship captained by Disko Troop. With no other way to
get back to port, Harvey grudgingly accepts the job. This serves as a
turning point in his life because he is given a unique opportunity
to encounter challenges and face hardships that his privileged
upbringing would not have enabled him to. He rises to the
Captain Courageous is a well-written and thought-provoking
appealing that you want to keep on reading. This, coupled
with the vivid descriptions of characters and events,
makes Captain Courageous a wonderful and worthwhile
read. The themes of courage, loyalty, honour, humility
and friendship are central and feature throughout the
book.
There is no question why Captain Courageous is considered
a classic and has never gone out of print since the year it was
published. If you have not read it, make sure you get a copy.
You will find it difficult to put down.
time to appreciate his fellow seafarers. He finally reaches the port at
Gloucester and is reunited with his parents who are overwhelmed by his
transformation. The once frail, bad-mannered, lazy boy is now a
challenge and adjusts to his new life, learning at the same
brave, well-balanced and industrious young lad.
account of a young boy’s initiation into the world and
responsibilities of a hardworking, seafaring breadwinner. The
reader has the chance to experience the boy’s growth, which
makes this a moving experience. The opening chapters are so
B. Write your review (120-180 words).
4. WRITING TASK
When writing a review of a book:
choose a book that you know well and make a plan
about what you are going to write. Decide whether
your review will be positive, negative or balanced.
remember to include all the necessary basic
information: name and kind of book; name of author;
plot; themes; other significant aspects such as style of
writing etc.; comments about what you liked/didn’t like
and a recommendation.
mention only the main points of the plot. Do not
include too many details and do not reveal the ending.
Remember to use the Present Simple.
use a range of adjectives and a vivid style to describe
the book and to express your opinion.
A. Read the rubric below and complete the outline for your review.
INTRODUCTION
• Give some general information about the book.
Title:
Type of book:
Author:
Main characters:
MAIN PART (PARAGRAPH 1)
• Give a brief summary of the plot.
MAIN PART (PARAGRAPH 2)
• Make comments about what you liked or didn’t
like about the book (plot, theme, style of writing,
characters, etc.)
CONCLUSION
• State your general opinion about the book
and say whether you recommend it or not.
3. FOCUS ON DESCRIPTIVE LANGUAGE
Match the adjectives with the nouns to form collocations. You can use more than one adjective for each noun.
bestselling vivid moving confusing original badly-written
worthwhile timeless weak excellent detailed unrealistic
well-written central predictable thought-provoking descriptive slow
1. novel
2. account
3. style of writing
4. descriptions
5. themes
6. plot
7. characters
Looking for book reviews
Send us a review of a book that you have recently read. Include information
about it and say whether you would recommend it to people of your age.
For phrases you can use, see Appendix I.
55
round-up
1. Scientists believe that workers who a nap in the afternoon are more productive during the remainder of the day.
a. sleep b. take c. get d. go on
2. We need to ready; the taxi is coming in 5 minutes.
a. have b. go c. get d. take
3. There were lights in the sky last night.
a. avid b. interactive c. old-fashioned d. peculiar
4. Paul and I have very taste in poetry.
a. identical b. similar c. same d. natural
5. My father took a of business cards with him on his trip.
a. set b. pile c. pack d. bunch
6. Sally is upset because she lost her of keys for the building; as a result, all the locks have to be changed.
a. set b. pack c. pile d. group
7. You must pay a(n) fee of £10 to get into the gallery.
a. exhibition b. entrance c. admission d. contribution
8. This beautiful of a vase with flowers is by Jan Brueghel.
a. still life b. landscape c. seascape d. portrait
1. I forgot the telephone bill last week.
a. pay b. to pay c. paying d. paid
2. Saed stopped on the street to his friend Hussein.
a. to talk b. talk c. talking d. talked
3. Charlie enjoys tennis at the weekend with his friends.
a. play b. playing c. to play d. played
4. The weather is lovely today, ?
a. isn’t it b. doesn’t it c. is it d. won’t it
5. You’ve met Andrew before, ?
a. won’t you b. haven’t you c. aren’t you d. don’t you?
6. Jack have eaten the cake. He hates sweets.
a. mustn’t b. might c. could d. can’t
7. Mansour is worried that something wrong with his experiment.
a. must go b. might go c. could have d. might have
8. Jack his leg on that ski slope – it was very steep and he’s not an experienced skier.
a. could have broken b. couldn’t have broken c. must break d. can’t have broken
A. Choose the word that most appropriately completes the sentence.
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
56
C. Complete the text below with the full infinitive, the bare infinitive or the -ing form of the verbs in brackets.
E. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
I remember my father (1) (hand) me a
camera when I was only nine. At first I wasn’t sure what
(2) (do) with it, but after my father taught me
the basics, it didn’t take long for me (3)
(learn) how to use it. As my pictures improved, my
interest in photography continued (4) (grow)
and twenty years later I still love clicking my camera at
anything that interests me. I simply refuse (5)
(leave) home without my camera because I believe there is
A few years ago my family and I went to Guernsey for a
holiday; my parents liked it so much that they decided
(1) a house there. Guernsey is one of the Channel
Islands, located in the English Channel off the coast of
Normandy, a region in northern France. The island’s
capital is a(n) (2) harbour town with marinas and
(3) shops, museums and restaurants. Our house is
(4) with some of my friends. I also like going with
my family on walks through the (5) countryside or
along the coast. Sometimes we take the ferry to the
(6) islands of Sark and Alderney, which have a
(7) of attractions. When my parents first told
me they were buying a house in Guernsey, I thought it
(8) be boring to go to the same (9) every
year, but then I fell in love with Guernsey and now I really
(10) the fact that I have a home there.
D. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b or c best fits each gap.
1. a. buying b. buy c. to buy
2. a. pretty b. private c. impressed
3. a. natural b. various c. avid
4. a. windsurf b. windsurfing c. to windsurf
5. a. scenic b. guided c. distant
6. a. nearby b. authentic c. same
7. a. pile b. wealth c. group
8. a. might b. can’t c. couldn’t
9. a. holiday b. place c. trail
10. a. appreciate b. recreate c. request
1. You’ll only be wasting your time if you call him. point
There is him.
2. I don’t think Paul works hard enough. is
Paul is not a he?
3. I’m sure they didn’t go mountain climbing without a guide. have
They mountain climbing without a guide.
4. I’m almost certain that my mobile phone was stolen while I was on the train. been
My mobile phone while I was on the train.
5. It’s possible that he went to the gym after work. might
He to the gym after work.
6. It was a mistake to buy a second-hand car. regret
I a second-hand car.
always something special in everyday life that is worth
(6) (capture). When I go on holiday, I enjoy
(7) (take) pictures of exotic landscapes,
but I’m more interested in (8) (take)
photographs of ordinary things and people in their daily
lives. It’s usually in these simple moments that you can
(9) (take) the perfect picture. Photography
has made me (10) (see) the world in a
different way and appreciate its astonishing beauty.
situated just outside the capital, near a sandy beach which
is popular with windsurfers. During the day I usually go
Josh Lemming has a very strange hobby. He
collects aeroplane, bus and train tickets from
every place he has ever travelled to. So far, he
has over 1000 tickets. He arranges them in photo
albums according to date, type and country.
‘When I mention my collection,’ says Josh, ‘most
people respond, “You can’t be serious.” But once
they see my albums, they realise I’m actually
pretty serious. I’m a photographer, so I travel a
lot. I’ve been to over 50 countries.’
Josh began collecting his tickets about 10 years
ago. ‘It may seem a little crazy, but one day, as I
was getting off a bus in Madrid, Spain, I decided
to keep my bus ticket, instead of throwing it away.
After that, I never threw away another ticket.’
She is an avid stamp collector, and has
stamps dating back to the early 1900s. ‘After
seeing the way she organised her stamps, I decided
to organise my tickets in a similar manner. Mine
were just in plastic bags. My mother gave me a
bunch of albums as a gift, and I sorted through
the plastic bags. It must have taken me about a
month to organise them all. But now, it’s a lot
easier to look through my tickets.’
him and requested an interview, as well as a
viewing of his collection. ‘I was really surprised to
learn that the local newspaper was interested in
After the newspaper published an article on
Josh called ‘The Ticket Collector’, more and more
Josh’s collection to be a great way to keep a
record of all the places I’ve been to. After seeing
it, I decided to start saving my tickets, though I
definitely don’t travel as much as he does. It might
actually make me start travelling more!’
doing something that was meaningful to me. But
now I’m used to it. Plus, in a way, I’m proud of my
collection. It represents a lot of hard work.’
Josh continues to collect his travel tickets.
I plan on going to a lot more matches, believe me.’
He has already begun organising the tickets in
albums, which were, again, a gift from his mum.
collected. Hopefully, they’ll appreciate it - after all,
it seems like collecting runs in the family.’
1
Josh has become well-known in his hometown
of Newcastle, Australia. Then, a local
newspaper reporter heard about Josh. He called
2
people began contacting Josh in order to view his
collection. Mark Newton, a local resident,
started collecting his own travel tickets. ‘I found
3
‘It was kind of strange,’ he explains. ‘All of
a sudden I was getting all this attention simply for
4
However, he has started a new collection - football
match tickets. ‘So far, I only have about 65
tickets,’ Josh says, ‘but that’s only one year’s worth.
5
‘One day, I hope to sit down with my
children and show them all the things I have
6
my collection. But then again, I guess people like
hearing a about peculiar things.’
5. POST-READING
• What is your opinion about Josh’s collection?
• Do you think that the interest that other people show in
Josh’s collection is justified?
• Would you be interested in starting a similar collection?
Why / Why not?
Discuss.
49
3b vocabulary & grammar
Use the words in the boxes to complete the sentences.
VOCABULARY
1. WORDS EASILY CONFUSED
1. Don’t forget to buy your for the match!
2. It’s better to take the bus if you can’t afford the taxi
.
3. There is a smell in the kitchen.
4. Students have to study one language and
can choose either French or Spanish.
5. Did he what time he would be home?
6. If your passport is stolen, you should it to
the police.
7. We’re going to the bus at the next stop.
8. I can’t wait to this car!
9. The two books were so , I felt like I had
read the same book twice.
10. Ted and Fred are twins and they look
exactly alike.
GRAMMAR
A. Look at the extracts from the text on page 49
and choose which of the statements a or b is the
closest in meaning.
1. It may seem a little crazy...
a. Perhaps it’s crazy.
b. It’s certainly crazy.
2. It might actually make me start travelling more.
a. It’s possible to happen in the future.
b. It has possibly happened.
1. EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY
(MAY - MIGHT - COULD)
B. Now read the sentences below. Which of them
means that the action possibly happened in
the past and which means that the action was
possible in the past but didn’t happen?
strange foreign
mention report
get off get out of
similar identical
ticket fare
Use the collective nouns in the box to form collocations.
In some cases more than one noun may be correct.
2. COLLECTIVE NOUNS
1. a of flowers
2. a of tools
3. a of books
4. a of business cards
5. a of rules
6. a of boxes
7. a of grapes
8. a of wolves
9. a of keys
10. a of furniture
bunch pack set pile
A. Look at the following adjectives with prepositions. Which
of them have a positive and which a negative meaning?
3. ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS
interested in proud of bored with
sick of keen on fond of
disgusted by crazy about tired of
fed up with i mpressed by/with
B. Complete the sentences below to make true statements
about yourself.
1. I’m very keen ...
2. My dad is proud ...
3. When I was younger, I was bored ...
4. My best friend is crazy ...
5. Most of my friends are interested ...
• Use may/might/could + base form to express
possibility in the present or future.
• Use may/might + have + past participle to
express possibility in the past.
• Use could + have + past participle to express
possibility in the past which was not fulfilled.
3. Josh could have thrown away his bus ticket in
Madrid but he decided to keep it.
4. Mark might have been to some of the places Josh has
travelled to.
C. Match the examples 1-4 above with the rules.
A. Look at the extracts from the text on page 49
and choose which of the statements a or b is the
closest in meaning.
1. You can’t be serious.
a. You aren’t able to be serious.
b. Surely, you aren’t serious.
2. It must have taken me about a month to organise them
all.
a. I believe it took me about a month to organise them all.
b. I had to work for a month to organise them all.
2. MAKING DEDUCTIONS (MUST – CAN’T)
B. Now read the sentences below and compare them
with the examples above. What’s the difference
between can’t be and can’t have been? What
about must take and must have taken?
• Use must + base form to express certainty that
something is true.
• Use can’t + base form to express belief that
something is impossible.
• Use must + have + past participle to express
certainty that something happened in the past.
• Use can’t/couldn’t + have + past participle to
express certainty that something didn’t happen.
3. When Josh said that one of his bus tickets cost $10,000,
he can’t have been serious.
4. It must take at least 15 hours to fly from Australia to
Spain.
C. Match the examples 1-4 above with the rules.
Grammar Reference p. 136.
50
Read the texts below and circle the correct words.
3. PRACTICE
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
ENGLISH IN USE
I wanted to do something useful on my summer holiday so I
volunteered at a local Turtle Rescue and Conservation Centre.
My supervisor, Steve, told me that conservation work requires a lot
of energy and patience. He (6) can‛t be / must be right, because
I‛ve only been doing it for a week and I‛m completely exhausted!
Yesterday I got up at dawn to help with the morning survey. This
involves walking along the beach and checking the nests where
turtle s lay their eggs. The survey lasted into the heat of the day
and, at one point, I (7) must have looked / couldn‛t have looked
like I was about to faint because Steve told me to go and take a
break. This morning I helped to rescue a turtle, which
(8) must injure / must have injured its back flipper in the sea.
I think a speedboat (9) might have knocked / couldn‛t have
knocked against it. We found it on the beach and transported it
back to the Rescue Centre where it was treated immediately.
The vet said the turtle was lucky. It (10) could have lost /
must have lost its back flipper if we hadn‛t found it in time. At
that moment, I felt that all the hard work was worth it.
1. Naif is a(n) reader; he loves reading all kinds of books.
a. avid b. peculiar c. proud d. interested
2. I think Mum will really the flowers we bought her.
a. respond b. appreciate c. request d. sort
3. If you don’t validate your , you will be charged a fine.
a. fare b. album c. ticket d. stamp
4. Fiona is really interested learning foreign languages.
a. in b. for c. of d. by
5. John gave his sister a of roses when she graduated.
a. pile b. set c. pack d. bunch
6. Andrew has been trying to learn how to drive for two years; he is really taking lessons.
a. crazy about b. fed up with c. impressed by d. fond of
7. Bander the fastest runner in our school; he has beaten everyone in the 400 metre race for two years in a row.
a. might be b. can be c. may be d. must be
8. The children the window; they were playing football in the garden this morning.
a. must have broken b. can have broken c. must break d. could break
9. You Ted at the mall yesterday; he’s away on business.
a. mustn’t have seen b. couldn’t have seen c. may have seen d. couldn’t see
10. Charlie serious about wanting to bungee jump off the bridge!
a. mustn’t be b. can’t have c. can’t be d. mustn’t have
My friend Ben (1) can’t be / must be the
most adventurous person I know. Last week
he came back from a rock climbing trip and
said he had a great time. Whenever I ask
him what his plans for the weekend are, his
answer is something like, ‘Oh, I (2) mustn’t
/ might go to Lost River Cave to explore it’,
or ‘I (3) might / can’t go rafting with my
cousin’. When I tell him that these hobbies
of his are very dangerous and that he
(4) could have / could have had a serious
accident one day, he just laughs at me.
He seems to be totally fearless; I know he
(5) mustn’t be / can’t be, I just haven’t
found anything that frightens him yet.
51
listening & speaking
LISTENING
SPEAKING
Discuss.
• Have you ever been to an amusement park or a bazaar? Did you like it? If you haven’t, which of them would you like to go
to, and why?
• In what ways do activities like these help to boost relationships among people who live in a community?
1. PRE-LISTENING
• Do you like going to art galleries? Why / Why not?
2. MULTIPLE MATCHING
You will hear five different people, friends of a man called Jack, giving their views on galleries. Choose from the list
a-f what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.
a. I believe I would not enjoy going to a gallery that exhibits photographs.
b. I was very disappointed with the exhibits at the last gallery I visited.
c. I love art galleries but no longer go because of family responsibilities.
d. I am impressed by the large variety of activities available to those visiting this venue.
e. I enjoy going to galleries and continue to attend with my friend Jack.
f. I believe the gallery is a convenient place when commuting from work to home.
First:
Look at the pictures below and ask your teacher:
• What are the options?
• What are the advantages/disadvantages of each option?
Speaker 1
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Speaker 4
Speaker 5
1. WARM-UP
• Do people in your neighbourhood/community ever do activities together? What kind?
2. CHOOSING BETWEEN OPTIONS
3. FURTHER DISCUSSION
Imagine that you are on a committee of a community organisation in your town. The committee has decided to
organise an event in order to boost community relations. The group has decided on two possible kinds of activities,
but you can only do one. Decide which one you would choose if you were in this situation.
Then:
When you have all the information you need, explain
which option you think would be best, and why. You can
choose one of the options given, or present a plan that you
believe would be better.
OPTION 1 OPTION 2
52
vocabulary & grammar
Read the sentences below and circle the correct answer.
VOCABULARY
WORDS RELATED TO ART GALLERIES
AND MUSEUMS
GRAMMAR
A. Read the extracts from the monologues you
heard in the listening section and circle the
correct words to complete the rules about
question tags.
1. The book wasn’t very good, ?
2. It’s too hot today, ?
3. You’re the new teacher, ?
4. You didn’t break her vase, ?
5. Alex is working in a bank now, ?
6. Mary made this cake, ?
7. You will remember to buy some bread on your way
home, ?
8. Let’s go to a restaurant tonight, ?
9. You go to the gym every day, ?
10. Remember to buy a newspaper, ?
QUESTION TAGS
B. Write an appropriate question tag at the end of
each statement.
You know what I mean, don’t you?
That’s proper culture, isn’t it?
... you don’t have so much spare time, do you?
• Question tags are short questions placed at the
beginning / end of a statement. We use them when
we are not sure of something or when we ask for
confirmation.
• Question tags are formed with the auxiliary / main
verb and a personal pronoun.
• If the statement is positive, the question tag is
positive / negative.
• If the statement is negative, the question tag is
positive / negative.
Grammar Reference p. 136.
1. I enjoy classical / contemporary art because I find
it easier to relate to art that reflects the lifestyle and
surroundings of the present day.
2. The still life / portrait of the artist was so realistic
that when I walked away from it I had a strange
feeling that it was watching me.
3. The side admission / entrance of the museum can be
used by members who wish to avoid queues during
peak summer and holiday periods.
4. The highlight / feature of our visit to the museum
was when we saw the Asian Art Collection.
5. Visitors do not have to pay a(n) admission /
membership fee as entrance is free 361 days a year.
6. The Western European art contribution / collection
found in The National Gallery is one of the largest in
the world.
7. We are looking for a conservator / curator capable of
examining and preserving the valuable works of art
housed in our gallery.
8. The collection of Roman coins is kept in a(n)
artefacts case / display case.
9. The exhibits / exhibitions in the west wing are all
works of art created in the 17th century.
10. The painting has been fully prepared / restored and is
now back on display.
11. The gallery organises various artefacts / workshops
that enable parents and their children to engage in
various creative activities.
12. The artist had been a sailor and for this reason all his
paintings featured landscapes / seascapes.
13. Upon seeing Van Gogh’s Sunflowers from up close
I realised why it was considered a masterpiece /
portrait.
14. The features / artefacts on display are proof of the
unique culture and identity of Sumatra.
15. The National Gallery’s livelihood depends on
tickets / donations, large or small, made by people
like yourself who appreciate art.
16. Audio tours / Tour guides are extremely practical as
they allow you to explore the museum on your own,
but still find out about the exhibits on display.
53
writing
WRITING A REVIEW
1. DISCUSS
• Do you read book reviews in magazines or newspapers? Why/Why not?
• Would a review influence your choice of book to buy?
2. FOCUS ON CONTENT AND ORGANISATION
A. Read the review of a book below. What is the writer’s opinion of the book?
In which paragraph does the writer:
a. state his overall opinion?
b. briefly describe the plot?
c. comment on significant aspects of the book
(style of writing, symbolism, themes, etc)?
d. make a recommendation?
e. give some general information about the book?
B. Read the review again and answer the following questions.
Rudyard Kipling’s timeless novel Captain Courageous was
first published in 1897. It is about a spoilt and arrogant
railroad tycoon’s son, fifteen year-old Harvey Cheyne Jr,
who undergoes a series of trials and adventures that lead to personal
growth and maturation.
Harvey Cheyne Jr finds himself washed overboard while travelling
on a transatlantic steamship. The events that unfold tell of his
seafaring adventures as he is rescued by fishermen and offered
employment on a ship captained by Disko Troop. With no other way to
get back to port, Harvey grudgingly accepts the job. This serves as a
turning point in his life because he is given a unique opportunity
to encounter challenges and face hardships that his privileged
upbringing would not have enabled him to. He rises to the
Captain Courageous is a well-written and thought-provoking
appealing that you want to keep on reading. This, coupled
with the vivid descriptions of characters and events,
makes Captain Courageous a wonderful and worthwhile
read. The themes of courage, loyalty, honour, humility
and friendship are central and feature throughout the
book.
There is no question why Captain Courageous is considered
a classic and has never gone out of print since the year it was
published. If you have not read it, make sure you get a copy.
You will find it difficult to put down.
time to appreciate his fellow seafarers. He finally reaches the port at
Gloucester and is reunited with his parents who are overwhelmed by his
transformation. The once frail, bad-mannered, lazy boy is now a
challenge and adjusts to his new life, learning at the same
brave, well-balanced and industrious young lad.
account of a young boy’s initiation into the world and
responsibilities of a hardworking, seafaring breadwinner. The
reader has the chance to experience the boy’s growth, which
makes this a moving experience. The opening chapters are so
B. Write your review (120-180 words).
4. WRITING TASK
When writing a review of a book:
choose a book that you know well and make a plan
about what you are going to write. Decide whether
your review will be positive, negative or balanced.
remember to include all the necessary basic
information: name and kind of book; name of author;
plot; themes; other significant aspects such as style of
writing etc.; comments about what you liked/didn’t like
and a recommendation.
mention only the main points of the plot. Do not
include too many details and do not reveal the ending.
Remember to use the Present Simple.
use a range of adjectives and a vivid style to describe
the book and to express your opinion.
A. Read the rubric below and complete the outline for your review.
INTRODUCTION
• Give some general information about the book.
Title:
Type of book:
Author:
Main characters:
MAIN PART (PARAGRAPH 1)
• Give a brief summary of the plot.
MAIN PART (PARAGRAPH 2)
• Make comments about what you liked or didn’t
like about the book (plot, theme, style of writing,
characters, etc.)
CONCLUSION
• State your general opinion about the book
and say whether you recommend it or not.
3. FOCUS ON DESCRIPTIVE LANGUAGE
Match the adjectives with the nouns to form collocations. You can use more than one adjective for each noun.
bestselling vivid moving confusing original badly-written
worthwhile timeless weak excellent detailed unrealistic
well-written central predictable thought-provoking descriptive slow
1. novel
2. account
3. style of writing
4. descriptions
5. themes
6. plot
7. characters
Looking for book reviews
Send us a review of a book that you have recently read. Include information
about it and say whether you would recommend it to people of your age.
For phrases you can use, see Appendix I.
55
round-up
1. Scientists believe that workers who a nap in the afternoon are more productive during the remainder of the day.
a. sleep b. take c. get d. go on
2. We need to ready; the taxi is coming in 5 minutes.
a. have b. go c. get d. take
3. There were lights in the sky last night.
a. avid b. interactive c. old-fashioned d. peculiar
4. Paul and I have very taste in poetry.
a. identical b. similar c. same d. natural
5. My father took a of business cards with him on his trip.
a. set b. pile c. pack d. bunch
6. Sally is upset because she lost her of keys for the building; as a result, all the locks have to be changed.
a. set b. pack c. pile d. group
7. You must pay a(n) fee of £10 to get into the gallery.
a. exhibition b. entrance c. admission d. contribution
8. This beautiful of a vase with flowers is by Jan Brueghel.
a. still life b. landscape c. seascape d. portrait
1. I forgot the telephone bill last week.
a. pay b. to pay c. paying d. paid
2. Saed stopped on the street to his friend Hussein.
a. to talk b. talk c. talking d. talked
3. Charlie enjoys tennis at the weekend with his friends.
a. play b. playing c. to play d. played
4. The weather is lovely today, ?
a. isn’t it b. doesn’t it c. is it d. won’t it
5. You’ve met Andrew before, ?
a. won’t you b. haven’t you c. aren’t you d. don’t you?
6. Jack have eaten the cake. He hates sweets.
a. mustn’t b. might c. could d. can’t
7. Mansour is worried that something wrong with his experiment.
a. must go b. might go c. could have d. might have
8. Jack his leg on that ski slope – it was very steep and he’s not an experienced skier.
a. could have broken b. couldn’t have broken c. must break d. can’t have broken
A. Choose the word that most appropriately completes the sentence.
B. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
56
C. Complete the text below with the full infinitive, the bare infinitive or the -ing form of the verbs in brackets.
E. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
I remember my father (1) (hand) me a
camera when I was only nine. At first I wasn’t sure what
(2) (do) with it, but after my father taught me
the basics, it didn’t take long for me (3)
(learn) how to use it. As my pictures improved, my
interest in photography continued (4) (grow)
and twenty years later I still love clicking my camera at
anything that interests me. I simply refuse (5)
(leave) home without my camera because I believe there is
A few years ago my family and I went to Guernsey for a
holiday; my parents liked it so much that they decided
(1) a house there. Guernsey is one of the Channel
Islands, located in the English Channel off the coast of
Normandy, a region in northern France. The island’s
capital is a(n) (2) harbour town with marinas and
(3) shops, museums and restaurants. Our house is
(4) with some of my friends. I also like going with
my family on walks through the (5) countryside or
along the coast. Sometimes we take the ferry to the
(6) islands of Sark and Alderney, which have a
(7) of attractions. When my parents first told
me they were buying a house in Guernsey, I thought it
(8) be boring to go to the same (9) every
year, but then I fell in love with Guernsey and now I really
(10) the fact that I have a home there.
D. Read the text below and decide which answer a, b or c best fits each gap.
1. a. buying b. buy c. to buy
2. a. pretty b. private c. impressed
3. a. natural b. various c. avid
4. a. windsurf b. windsurfing c. to windsurf
5. a. scenic b. guided c. distant
6. a. nearby b. authentic c. same
7. a. pile b. wealth c. group
8. a. might b. can’t c. couldn’t
9. a. holiday b. place c. trail
10. a. appreciate b. recreate c. request
1. You’ll only be wasting your time if you call him. point
There is him.
2. I don’t think Paul works hard enough. is
Paul is not a he?
3. I’m sure they didn’t go mountain climbing without a guide. have
They mountain climbing without a guide.
4. I’m almost certain that my mobile phone was stolen while I was on the train. been
My mobile phone while I was on the train.
5. It’s possible that he went to the gym after work. might
He to the gym after work.
6. It was a mistake to buy a second-hand car. regret
I a second-hand car.
always something special in everyday life that is worth
(6) (capture). When I go on holiday, I enjoy
(7) (take) pictures of exotic landscapes,
but I’m more interested in (8) (take)
photographs of ordinary things and people in their daily
lives. It’s usually in these simple moments that you can
(9) (take) the perfect picture. Photography
has made me (10) (see) the world in a
different way and appreciate its astonishing beauty.
situated just outside the capital, near a sandy beach which
is popular with windsurfers. During the day I usually go
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