THE POLYPHONY OF ANALYZES
Drawing the map of contributions and schools is a perilous task in a scientific community that is both dynamic and divided . Emphasizing d ' entered an oversimplification i mplique pre Presentation pe Pedagogic, can Sugge rer the existence of three main streams of research, we e voquera here in the order they appear.
The tradition of semi -linguistic analysis
The first symposium of political lexicography was held in France in 1968. This tradition pionniè er 'ed study of vocabulary and language of politicians in mé dias owes to the ' hey cultural inheritance and ACADE nomic of ed studies litté rary . She knew trè s te t take advantage of information technology and there is now a se series of software extre sophisticated ance s political texts analysis. This lexicological and lexical analysis pole is expressed in particular in the journal Mots . Six issues per year analyze “ Les langages du politi c ” and pay regular attention to political discourse in the media, to the framing of political dossiers by the press (for illustrations: Mots , 1990 a, b; 1992; 1993 ). The nature of the objects approached is very diverse: developments in socialist language , political caricatures, jargon, rhetoric of political journalism. Two sites have made possible particularly interesting achievements . This is first of the 'ed study the candidates and parties that identifies language for d i paid political families lexical fields, enter inflé chissements political orientations through vocabulary. The analysis of the speeches of the French socialist leaders shows, for example, in the mid -eighties an inflat i on of the lexicon of the modern and of “ modernization” . This vocabulary, previously linked to the lexicon of 'é economy will become (temporarily) a marker charac teristic of the new discourse of the Left (Brauns, Labbé in words 1990b). Despite their contributions, this research has long suffered from two weaknesses. The firstly re re side in Rifle Character re é often bursts of re results, analyzes often trè s e labore are about the language of a party or a politician will die blocking not always on cumulative knowledge. The other t e born status mê me speeches analyzed s thought s in a "logical text" without sufficient questions about the nature of interactions that made them é merger, their effects. The e revolutions re Centes research have enabled 'é broaden the domain e analyzes. A first extension can be observed in the important development of research on argumentation ( Hermè s , 1995) in political discourse within the media. The success s of Jean Marie Le Pen and the National Front were particularly attracted abundant re bending the springs of ' efficiency symbolic speech " populist" and racist (Taguieff 1989; Wahnich 1997). A second die walking, often close to the problem matic of " framing" has clarified tree- re whose disco u rs policy mé dias broadcast in e readers represen tations, the die finishes problems my government capable of influence their political behavior. Research Bonnafous Simone (1991) relating to speech mé diatiques the immigrant has tion have such set é HIGHLIGHTING the gradual shift of mé dias during anné 're eighty one repre presentation of 'é abroad under the figure of " migrant worker" to a problem matic relationship between immigration and dice delinquency which marked an overall political discourse and journalistic an upfront Sche my de veloped s by the extre me right. Finally, studies involving problem matic sociological and sé miological sought to understand how political messages are condit i oned s by nature mê me set Sce does that shape the relationship between journalists and politicians (Nel, 1988). One of the best examples of this is given by the 'é study Darras (1994) on ' é Mission " The absent are always wrong" . In this e m ission, show that more die fighting, the studio played a bedroom parody towns whose binary space cleaves guest s into two camps, while the pre massive presence of an active public and the use of provocation techniques against inv i your political produce exceptionally marked words taken on by a register ed emotional and Pôle nomic. All these innovations dice clogged on an analysis of speech tee lé referred s less " textual" , more attentive to the effects of INTERACTIONS n s between political actors and calendar conflicts in the construction of political discourse in the side lé vision (Brugidou, 1995; Groupe Saint Cloud, 1995; Le Bart, 1998).
إرسال تعليق