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A monster is an individual or a creature whose appearance, or even behavior, surprises by its deviation from the norms of a society.

Each historical period has its conception of the monster. J-L Fischer distinguishes three:

1. From antiquity to the end of the 17th century, where the monster is of the order of the fabulous, occupying a sociocultural function. All monsters are credible, because the real world remains itself unknown, "enchanted" and filled with mysteries.

2. A short period, called prescientific, corresponding to about the Enlightenment, 1700-1820. The monster loses its social function, its fabulous character, to become an object of real, scholarly or medical description.

3. The modern scientific period: Monsters become objects of science, named and classified, according to anatomical and embryological data, responding to the general laws of all living beings. On the other hand, real or imaginary, they can be objects of spectacles and representations, artistic or literary.

Among the Greeks, tera and teratos can mean "sent sign of the gods", "monstrous animal", "prodigious thing, amazing phenomenon", and teratologia "extraordinary story, lies, bragging" 3. Aristotle defines the monster as a product that does not resemble its parents, a defective being, removed from the generic type from which it comes2.

The monster and the monstrous are connected with the divine and the marvelous, but also with the rare, the unusual or the exotic. The Romans retain the notion of deviation from nature, the monster is a disorder, it is one that is outside the usual natural rules2. The Romans lived surrounded by barbarian peoples, and beyond the barbarians were the monsters, even the monstrous peoples. Thus Pliny the Elder placed them at the extreme borders of India and Ethiopia.