Future will
The Future will is used:
• to make predictions about the future, usually with
perhaps or after the verbs believe, think, hope, expect,
be sure, etc.
She’ll probably be here tomorrow.
• to talk about spontaneous decisions.
We’ve run out of milk; I’ll go and buy some.
• for promises.
I’ll be on time, don’t worry!
• for offers and requests.
I’ll do the washing-up after dinner.
Will you help me clean my room?
• for threats and warnings.
I won’t speak to you again!
Future going to
I’m going to stay He’s going to leave
Are you going to stay? Is she going to leave?
They aren’t going to stay It isn’t going to leave
The Future going to is used:
• to talk about future plans.
My brother is going to study Biology.
• to make predictions based on evidence.
Look out! You’re going to trip over that chair.
TIME EXPRESSIONS
tomorrow, tonight, next month/year/week/Tuesday, etc.
this month/year/week/Tuesday, etc.
in an hour/year, etc.
soon
• We use the Present Simple for future actions related
to official timetables and programmes.
The plane arrives at seven.
• We use the Present Progressive for planned future
actions related to personal arrangements.
I’m travelling to London tomorrow.
NOTE
Conditional Sentences Type 1
We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 for something
which is possible to happen in the present or future.
if-clause Main clause
If + Present Simple
Future will
Modal Verbs (can, may, might,
must, should) + base form
Imperative
If I see James, I’ll give him his book back.
If you want a parrot, you must promise to take care of it.
If you go to the supermarket, buy some milk.
Future Progressive
I’ll be working He’ll be sleeping
Will you be working? Will she be sleeping?
They won’t be working It won’t be sleeping
The Future Progressive is used:
• to talk about actions that will be in progress at a specific
time in the future.
At 9 o’clock tomorrow, he’ll be flying to Egypt.
Future Perfect
I’ll have worked He’ll have slept
Will you have worked? Will she have slept?
They won’t have worked It won’t have slept
The Future Perfect is used:
• to talk about actions that will be completed before a
specific time or another action in the future. The action
which follows the first one is in the Present Simple.
He’ll have returned by the time you leave.
TIME EXPRESSIONS
by + a point in time, by the time, by then, before, etc.
Time Clauses
Time clauses are introduced with as soon as, when, after,
before, until, as and while. We never use future forms in
time clauses.
When I see George, I’ll tell him that you’ve been looking for him.
Zero Conditional
The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths.
If/When you press the button, the machine starts.
if-clause Main clause
If/When + Present Simple Present Simple
134
Conditional Sentences Type 2
We use Conditional Sentences Type 2 for unreal or
imaginary situations which are unlikely to happen in the
present or the future.
if-clause Main clause
If + Past Simple would/could + base form
If I had enough money, I would buy a farm in the country.
You could lose some weight if you went on a diet.
• In Conditional Sentences Type 2 were is often used
instead of was in the if-clause.
If I were rich, I would live in a luxurious house.
• We use If I were you to express an opinion or to give
advice.
If I were you, I wouldn’t buy it.
• Unless can be used instead of if… not... in all
conditional sentences.
I won’t buy this car unless you agree (= if you don’t
agree).
NOTE
MUST - HAVE TO - NEED - MUSTN’T -
DON’T HAVE TO - DON’T NEED TO / NEEDN’T
EXPRESSING OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION
• must + base form expresses personal obligation in the
present or future.
I must finish this by tonight. (= I say so)
• have to + base form expresses external obligation in the
present or future.
You have to drive on the left when you’re in England.
(= It’s the law)
• mustn’t + base form expresses prohibition in the
present or future.
You mustn’t park here. (= You aren’t allowed to)
• had to + base form expresses obligation in the past.
When I was at school, I had to wake up at 7 o’clock every
morning.
EXPRESSING NECESSITY AND ABSENCE OF
NECESSITY
• need to + base form expresses necessity in the present or
future.
I need to know how many people will be at the conference.
• don’t have to / don’t need to / needn’t + base form
express absence of necessity in the present or future.
You don’t have to call us again. (= It isn’t necessary)
He doesn’t need to send his CV again.
You needn’t worry. Everything is under control.
• needed to + base form expresses necessity in the past.
We needed to buy some more soft drinks, so we went to the
supermarket.
Need can be a main or a modal verb. When it is a main
verb, it is followed by to + base form. As a modal verb, it
is commonly used in the interrogative and negative form.
I need to go out.
Do you need to go out? Need you go out?
She doesn’t need to go out. She needn’t go out.
I needed to go out.
Did you need to go out? Need you have gone out?
You didn’t need to go out. You needn’t have gone out.
NOTE
The Future will is used:
• to make predictions about the future, usually with
perhaps or after the verbs believe, think, hope, expect,
be sure, etc.
She’ll probably be here tomorrow.
• to talk about spontaneous decisions.
We’ve run out of milk; I’ll go and buy some.
• for promises.
I’ll be on time, don’t worry!
• for offers and requests.
I’ll do the washing-up after dinner.
Will you help me clean my room?
• for threats and warnings.
I won’t speak to you again!
Future going to
I’m going to stay He’s going to leave
Are you going to stay? Is she going to leave?
They aren’t going to stay It isn’t going to leave
The Future going to is used:
• to talk about future plans.
My brother is going to study Biology.
• to make predictions based on evidence.
Look out! You’re going to trip over that chair.
TIME EXPRESSIONS
tomorrow, tonight, next month/year/week/Tuesday, etc.
this month/year/week/Tuesday, etc.
in an hour/year, etc.
soon
• We use the Present Simple for future actions related
to official timetables and programmes.
The plane arrives at seven.
• We use the Present Progressive for planned future
actions related to personal arrangements.
I’m travelling to London tomorrow.
NOTE
Conditional Sentences Type 1
We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 for something
which is possible to happen in the present or future.
if-clause Main clause
If + Present Simple
Future will
Modal Verbs (can, may, might,
must, should) + base form
Imperative
If I see James, I’ll give him his book back.
If you want a parrot, you must promise to take care of it.
If you go to the supermarket, buy some milk.
Future Progressive
I’ll be working He’ll be sleeping
Will you be working? Will she be sleeping?
They won’t be working It won’t be sleeping
The Future Progressive is used:
• to talk about actions that will be in progress at a specific
time in the future.
At 9 o’clock tomorrow, he’ll be flying to Egypt.
Future Perfect
I’ll have worked He’ll have slept
Will you have worked? Will she have slept?
They won’t have worked It won’t have slept
The Future Perfect is used:
• to talk about actions that will be completed before a
specific time or another action in the future. The action
which follows the first one is in the Present Simple.
He’ll have returned by the time you leave.
TIME EXPRESSIONS
by + a point in time, by the time, by then, before, etc.
Time Clauses
Time clauses are introduced with as soon as, when, after,
before, until, as and while. We never use future forms in
time clauses.
When I see George, I’ll tell him that you’ve been looking for him.
Zero Conditional
The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths.
If/When you press the button, the machine starts.
if-clause Main clause
If/When + Present Simple Present Simple
134
Conditional Sentences Type 2
We use Conditional Sentences Type 2 for unreal or
imaginary situations which are unlikely to happen in the
present or the future.
if-clause Main clause
If + Past Simple would/could + base form
If I had enough money, I would buy a farm in the country.
You could lose some weight if you went on a diet.
• In Conditional Sentences Type 2 were is often used
instead of was in the if-clause.
If I were rich, I would live in a luxurious house.
• We use If I were you to express an opinion or to give
advice.
If I were you, I wouldn’t buy it.
• Unless can be used instead of if… not... in all
conditional sentences.
I won’t buy this car unless you agree (= if you don’t
agree).
NOTE
MUST - HAVE TO - NEED - MUSTN’T -
DON’T HAVE TO - DON’T NEED TO / NEEDN’T
EXPRESSING OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION
• must + base form expresses personal obligation in the
present or future.
I must finish this by tonight. (= I say so)
• have to + base form expresses external obligation in the
present or future.
You have to drive on the left when you’re in England.
(= It’s the law)
• mustn’t + base form expresses prohibition in the
present or future.
You mustn’t park here. (= You aren’t allowed to)
• had to + base form expresses obligation in the past.
When I was at school, I had to wake up at 7 o’clock every
morning.
EXPRESSING NECESSITY AND ABSENCE OF
NECESSITY
• need to + base form expresses necessity in the present or
future.
I need to know how many people will be at the conference.
• don’t have to / don’t need to / needn’t + base form
express absence of necessity in the present or future.
You don’t have to call us again. (= It isn’t necessary)
He doesn’t need to send his CV again.
You needn’t worry. Everything is under control.
• needed to + base form expresses necessity in the past.
We needed to buy some more soft drinks, so we went to the
supermarket.
Need can be a main or a modal verb. When it is a main
verb, it is followed by to + base form. As a modal verb, it
is commonly used in the interrogative and negative form.
I need to go out.
Do you need to go out? Need you go out?
She doesn’t need to go out. She needn’t go out.
I needed to go out.
Did you need to go out? Need you have gone out?
You didn’t need to go out. You needn’t have gone out.
NOTE
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