Exercise ADJECTIVE
1. generous (4) Applicable: 1 – Has an adjective-making derivational morpheme {-ous};
ADJECTIVE 2 – can be compared: more/most generous; 3 – intensifies: very ge n ero u s; 4 – fits in
the frame sentence: The ge n erous settlement seems very ge n ero u s.
2. aluminum (0) Not Applicable: 1 – Has no adjective-making morpheme: 2 – cannot be made
NOT AN comparative or superlative: *a more/most aluminum pan; 3 – cannot intensify :
ADJECTIVE a very aluminum pan; 4 – cannot fit in both slots of the frame sentence. Al u m i n u m
is a noun: It occurs with possesive – aluminum’s strength; can directly follow an
article – the aluminum; can fit in the frame sentence for nouns – The aluminum
is all right.
3. friendly (4) Applicable: 1 – Has an adjective-making derivational morpheme {-ly} as in
ADJECTIVE womanly, hourly. (You will see, in the next section, that {-ly} is also an adverbmaking
morpheme.); 2 – takes comparative and superlative: friendlier, friendliest;
3 – intensifies: very friendly, rather friendly; 4 – fits in frame sentence:
The friendly dog is very friendly.
4. endearing (3) Applicable: 2 – can be made comparative and superlative: more/most endearing;
ADJECTIVE 3 – intensifies: very endearing; 4 – fits in the frame sentence: His endearing
manner is very endearing.
Not Applica b l e : 1 – Has no adjective-making morph e m e ; {-ing} is a ve rb inflection.
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–13
5. sudden (3) Applicable: 2 – can be made comparative and superlative: more/most sudden;
ADJECTIVE 3 – intensifies: very sudden; 4 – fits in the frame sentence: Bart’s sudden departure
was very sudden.
Not Applicable: 1 – Has no adjective-making morpheme.
6. flower (0) Not applicable: 1 – Has no adjective-making morpheme; 2 – does not form
NOT AN comparative or superlative: *more/less flower; 3 – does not intensify: *rather flower;
ADJECTIVE 4 – does not fit in frame sentence: *The flower pot seems very flower. Although
c on s i d e red an adjective by some diction a ri e s , f l o wer does not meet the basic cri t e ri a
for belonging to that cl a s s . It fits the noun class mu ch better, since it inflects (f l o wer s ,
the flower’s peta l s) , and it fits the noun frame sentence (The flowerseems all ri g h t .)
Exercise 4.8
This is a good exercise for small group work, followed by class discussion.
1. early (both) The early train was very early.
2. urgent (both) The urgent message was very urgent.
3. awake (predicative) I am completely awake now.
?The awake dog began to bark.
4. major (attributive) I made a major mistake.
?My mistake was major.
5. downright (attributive) That is a downright lie.
*That lie is downright.
6. unusual (both) The unusual noise was very unusual.
Exercise 4.9
This is a good exercise for small group work, followed by class discussion.
ADJECTIVES ADVERBS
3. worldly 1. happily
4. fatherly 2. suddenly
6. timely 5. eventually
8. cowardly 7. glumly
The adjectives are derived from the following nouns: world, father, time, coward. The adverbs are derived
from these adjectives: happy, sudden, eventual, glum.
EX–14 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
Exercise 4.10
This is a good exercise for small group work, followed by class discussion.
1. Because hourly is derived from a noun, we would expect it to be an adjective (an hourly report); for
some speakers it is both an adjective and an adverb (He reported to the office hourly.)
2. L e i s u rel y, t o o, is deri ved from a noun. It is a pro t o typ i cal adjective (Their leisurely stroll was very
l e i s u rel y) ; for some speakers, but not all , it is also an adve rb (T h ey strolled leisurely through the park) .
1. generous (4) Applicable: 1 – Has an adjective-making derivational morpheme {-ous};
ADJECTIVE 2 – can be compared: more/most generous; 3 – intensifies: very ge n ero u s; 4 – fits in
the frame sentence: The ge n erous settlement seems very ge n ero u s.
2. aluminum (0) Not Applicable: 1 – Has no adjective-making morpheme: 2 – cannot be made
NOT AN comparative or superlative: *a more/most aluminum pan; 3 – cannot intensify :
ADJECTIVE a very aluminum pan; 4 – cannot fit in both slots of the frame sentence. Al u m i n u m
is a noun: It occurs with possesive – aluminum’s strength; can directly follow an
article – the aluminum; can fit in the frame sentence for nouns – The aluminum
is all right.
3. friendly (4) Applicable: 1 – Has an adjective-making derivational morpheme {-ly} as in
ADJECTIVE womanly, hourly. (You will see, in the next section, that {-ly} is also an adverbmaking
morpheme.); 2 – takes comparative and superlative: friendlier, friendliest;
3 – intensifies: very friendly, rather friendly; 4 – fits in frame sentence:
The friendly dog is very friendly.
4. endearing (3) Applicable: 2 – can be made comparative and superlative: more/most endearing;
ADJECTIVE 3 – intensifies: very endearing; 4 – fits in the frame sentence: His endearing
manner is very endearing.
Not Applica b l e : 1 – Has no adjective-making morph e m e ; {-ing} is a ve rb inflection.
EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY EX–13
5. sudden (3) Applicable: 2 – can be made comparative and superlative: more/most sudden;
ADJECTIVE 3 – intensifies: very sudden; 4 – fits in the frame sentence: Bart’s sudden departure
was very sudden.
Not Applicable: 1 – Has no adjective-making morpheme.
6. flower (0) Not applicable: 1 – Has no adjective-making morpheme; 2 – does not form
NOT AN comparative or superlative: *more/less flower; 3 – does not intensify: *rather flower;
ADJECTIVE 4 – does not fit in frame sentence: *The flower pot seems very flower. Although
c on s i d e red an adjective by some diction a ri e s , f l o wer does not meet the basic cri t e ri a
for belonging to that cl a s s . It fits the noun class mu ch better, since it inflects (f l o wer s ,
the flower’s peta l s) , and it fits the noun frame sentence (The flowerseems all ri g h t .)
Exercise 4.8
This is a good exercise for small group work, followed by class discussion.
1. early (both) The early train was very early.
2. urgent (both) The urgent message was very urgent.
3. awake (predicative) I am completely awake now.
?The awake dog began to bark.
4. major (attributive) I made a major mistake.
?My mistake was major.
5. downright (attributive) That is a downright lie.
*That lie is downright.
6. unusual (both) The unusual noise was very unusual.
Exercise 4.9
This is a good exercise for small group work, followed by class discussion.
ADJECTIVES ADVERBS
3. worldly 1. happily
4. fatherly 2. suddenly
6. timely 5. eventually
8. cowardly 7. glumly
The adjectives are derived from the following nouns: world, father, time, coward. The adverbs are derived
from these adjectives: happy, sudden, eventual, glum.
EX–14 EX ERCISE ANSWER KEY
Exercise 4.10
This is a good exercise for small group work, followed by class discussion.
1. Because hourly is derived from a noun, we would expect it to be an adjective (an hourly report); for
some speakers it is both an adjective and an adverb (He reported to the office hourly.)
2. L e i s u rel y, t o o, is deri ved from a noun. It is a pro t o typ i cal adjective (Their leisurely stroll was very
l e i s u rel y) ; for some speakers, but not all , it is also an adve rb (T h ey strolled leisurely through the park) .
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